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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Series Editor’s Preface
Foreword
Contents
List of Annulment Cases
Table of Cases
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
ADC
AES
Aguas del Tunari
Amco I
Amco II
Azurix
Bayindir (Decision on Jurisdiction)
CDC
CMS
Continental Casualty
Duke
Enron
Fraport
Helnan
Kardassopoulos and Fuchs
Klöckner I
Klöckner II
Libananco
Lucchetti
Lucchetti (Rectification)
Malaysian Salvors
MCI Power
MINE
Mitchell
MTD
Nations Energy
Pey Casado
Repsol
Rumeli
Saipem
Salini
Sempra
Soufraki
SPP
Suez
Togo Electricité
Vieira
Vivendi I
Vivendi II
Wena
International Court of Justice
Canada
United States
UNCITRAL
Table of Legislation
International Treaties and Conventions
National Legislation
France
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
Part I General Framework and Fundamental Observations
1 Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
2 Article 52 of the ICSID Convention
Preliminary Material
A Control Mechanisms in International Arbitration
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
B Article 52 of the Convention
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
3 Finality of ICSID Awards
Preliminary Material
A Finality of ICSID Awards
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
B Differences between ICSID Annulment and Appellate Mechanisms
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
C Two Dichotomies in Four Generations of ICSID Annulment Decisions: Finality v Fairness and Annulment v Appeal
1 The theory
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
2 The practice
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
1
2
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3 Conclusion
3.65
3.66
3.67
4 Additional Considerations Regarding the ICSID Annulment Mechanism
Preliminary Material
A Annulment of ‘Awards’
4.01
4.02
4.03
B The Presumption in Favour of Awards; Narrow and Broad Interpretation of the Grounds for Annulment
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
C Committees’ Discretion and the Hair-trigger Rule
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
Part II Grounds for Annulment
5 Improper Constitution of Tribunal
Preliminary Material
5.01
5.02
A Constitution of ICSID Tribunals
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.09
B The Drafting of Article 52(1)(a)
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
C The Applicable Standard
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
D Article 52(1)(a) and its Interplay with the Provisions on Disqualification and Revision
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
E ICSID Practice under Article 52(1)(a)
5.38
1 CDC
5.39
5.40
5.41
2 Azurix
5.42
5.43
5.44
3 Vivendi II
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
F Conclusion
5.53
5.54
6 Manifest Excess of Powers
Preliminary Material
6.01
A The Tribunal’s Powers under the Convention
6.02
6.03
6.04
B The Drafting of Article 52(1)(b)
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
C The Applicable Standard
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
1 The ‘manifest’ requirement
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
2 The ‘tenable’ standard
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
3 The ‘two-step’ analysis
6.43
6.44
6.45
D Manifest Excess of Powers Involving Jurisdictional Matters
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
6.52
1 De novo assessment of the tribunal’s jurisdiction
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.56
6.57
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
2 Failure to exercise jurisdiction
6.68
a Vivendi I
6.69
6.70
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
b Soufraki
6.75
6.76
6.77
c Malaysian Historical Salvors
6.78
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
d Lucchetti
6.83
6.84
6.85
e Fraport
6.86
3 The tribunal exceeds its jurisdiction
a Klöckner I
6.87
6.88
6.89
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
6.90
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.95
b Amco I
6.96
6.97
6.98
6.99
6.100
c Amco II
6.101
6.102
6.103
6.104
6.105
d Vivendi I
6.106
e Mitchell
6.107
6.108
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
6.113
6.114
f Repsol
6.115
6.116
6.117
6.118
6.119
6.120
6.121
g Soufraki
6.122
6.123
6.124
6.125
h CMS
6.126
6.127
6.128
i Azurix
6.129
6.130
6.131
6.132
6.133
j Rumeli
6.134
k Helnan
6.135
6.136
l Enron
6.137
6.138
6.139
m Duke
6.140
n Continental Casualty
6.141
6.142
6.143
4 Conclusion
6.144
6.145
E Manifest Excess of Powers for Failure to Apply the Proper Law
1 General observations
6.146
6.147
6.148
6.149
6.150
6.151
6.152
2 Determination of the applicable law
6.153
6.154
6.155
6.156
6.157
6.158
6.159
6.160
6.161
6.162
6.163
6.164
3 Partial Application of the governing law
6.165
6.166
6.167
6.168
6.169
4 Manifest excess of power for failure to apply the governing law and error of law
6.170
6.171
6.172
6.173
6.174
6.175
6.176
6.177
6.178
6.179
6.180
6.181
6.182
6.183
6.184
5 ICSID practice on Article 52(1)(b) and applicable law
a Klöckner I
6.185
6.186
6.187
6.188
6.189
6.190
6.191
6.192
6.193
b Amco I
6.194
6.195
6.196
6.197
6.198
6.199
6.200
6.201
6.202
6.203
6.204
6.205
6.206
6.207
6.208
6.209
6.210
6.211
6.212
6.213
c MINE
6.214
6.215
6.216
6.217
d Klöckner II
6.218
e Amco II
6.219
6.220
6.221
6.222
f Wena
6.223
6.224
6.225
6.226
6.227
6.228
6.229
6.230
6.231
6.232
6.233
6.234
6.235
g CDC
6.236
6.237
6.238
h Mitchell
6.239
6.240
6.241
i MTD
6.242
6.243
6.244
6.245
j Soufraki
6.246
6.247
6.248
6.249
6.250
k CMS
6.251
6.252
6.253
6.254
6.255
6.256
6.257
6.258
6.259
6.260
l Azurix
6.261
6.262
6.263
6.264
m MCI Power
6.265
6.266
n Sempra
6.267
6.268
1
2
6.269
6.270
6.271
6.272
6.273
o Enron
6.274
6.275
6.276
6.277
6.278
6.279
6.280
6.281
6.282
6.283
6.284
6.285
6.286
6.287
6.288
6.289
6.290
6.291
6.292
6.293
6.294
6.295
6.296
p Vivendi II
6.297
q Helnan
6.298
r Vieira
6.299
6.300
6.301
s Duke
6.302
6.303
t Togo Electricité
6.304
6.305
6 Manifest excess of powers by permitting claimant to assert claims on behalf of other investors
6.306
6.307
7 Failure to state reasons as a manifest excess of powers
6.308
6.309
6.310
6.311
6.312
6.313
F Conclusion
6.314
7 Corruption of One of the Members of the Tribunal
Preliminary Material
7.01
A Article 52(1)(c) and Relevant Rules
1 The drafting of Article 52(1)(c)
7.02
7.03
7.04
2 The applicable standard
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
B Case Law
7.09
C Conclusion
7.10
8 Serious Departure from a Fundamental Rule of Procedure
Preliminary Material
8.01
8.02
8.03
A Rules of Procedure under the ICSID Convention
8.04
B The Drafting of Article 52(1)(d)
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
8.09
C The Applicable Standard and the ‘Serious’ and ‘Fundamental’ Nature Requirements
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
D ICSID Practice under Article 52(1)(d)
8.24
1 Klöckner I
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
2 Amco I
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
3 Klöckner II
8.37
8.38
8.39
4 Amco II
8.40
8.41
8.42
5 Wena
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
6 Vivendi I
8.48
8.49
7 CDC
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
8.54
8.55
8 Repsol
8.56
9 Lucchetti
8.57
8.58
10 Azurix
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
8.64
11 Rumeli
8.65
12 Helnan
8.66
13 Enron
8.67
8.68
8.69
14 Vivendi II
8.70
8.71
8.72
15 Vieira
8.73
8.74
16 Fraport
8.75
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
8.80
17 Duke
8.81
8.82
18 Continental Casualty
8.83
8.84
E Manifest Excess of Powers and Failure to State Reasons as a Serious Departure from a Fundamental Rule of Procedure
8.85
8.86
8.87
F Conclusion
8.88
9 Failure to State Reasons on which the Award is Based
Preliminary Material
9.01
9.02
A The Tribunal’s Obligation to Provide Reasons
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
B The Drafting of Article 52(1)(e)
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
C The Applicable Standard
9.11
9.12
9.13
1 ‘Sufficient’ reasons
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
2 ‘Understandable’ decision
9.20
9.21
3 ‘Non-frivolous’ reasons
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
4 ‘Non-contradictory’ reasons
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
5 ‘Necessary’ reasons: the distinction between obiter dicta and ratio decidendi
9.35
9.36
9.37
6 ‘Implicit’ reasons and the committees’ authority to reconstruct the tribunal’s reasoning
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.41
9.42
D ICSID Practice on Article 52(1)(e)
1 Klöckner I
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
9.49
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
2 Amco I
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
9.60
9.61
3 MINE
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
4 Klöckner II
9.66
9.67
9.68
5 Amco II
9.69
9.70
9.71
6 Wena
9.72
9.73
9.74
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.78
7 Vivendi I
9.79
9.80
8 CDC
9.81
9.82
9.83
9.84
9 Mitchell
9.85
9.86
9.87
9.88
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
9.89
9.90
9.91
9.92
9.93
9.94
9.95
9.96
9.97
10 MTD
9.98
9.99
9.100
9.101
9.102
11 Soufraki
9.103
9.104
12 Lucchetti
9.105
9.106
9.107
13 CMS
9.108
9.109
9.110
9.111
9.112
9.113
9.114
9.115
9.116
9.117
9.118
9.119
9.120
9.121
9.122
9.123
14 Azurix
9.124
9.125
9.126
15 MCI Power
9.127
9.128
9.129
16 Rumeli
9.130
9.131
9.132
9.133
9.134
9.135
9.136
17 Helnan
9.137
18 Sempra
9.138
19 Enron
9.139
9.140
9.141
9.142
9.143
9.144
9.145
9.146
9.147
20 Vivendi II
9.148
21 Fraport
9.149
22 Vieira
9.150
23 Continental Casualty
9.151
9.152
9.153
24 Duke
9.154
9.155
9.156
9.157
25 Togo Electricité
9.158
9.159
9.160
E Failure to Address Every Question Submitted to the Tribunal
9.161
9.162
9.163
9.164
9.165
9.166
9.167
9.168
9.169
9.170
9.171
9.172
9.173
9.174
9.175
9.176
9.177
1 The notion of ‘question’
9.178
9.179
9.180
9.181
9.182
9.183
9.184
2 The tribunal’s obligation to deal with questions directly
9.185
9.186
9.187
9.188
9.189
3 The requirement to file a request for a supplemental decision before requesting annulment
9.190
9.191
9.192
9.193
9.194
9.195
9.196
4 ICSID practice
9.197
9.198
9.199
9.200
9.201
9.202
9.203
9.204
9.205
F Conclusion
9.206
9.207
10 Scope of Annulment Regarding Specific Issues
Preliminary Material
10.01
A Factual Findings
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
10.06
10.07
B Admissibility of New Arguments and Evidence
10.08
10.09
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
C Damage, Interest, and Cost Findings
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.40
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
D Res Judicata and Resubmissions
10.45
10.46
10.47
10.48
10.49
10.50
1 Res judicata and the first decision
10.51
10.52
10.53
10.54
10.55
10.56
2 Res judicata and the committee’s observations
10.57
10.58
10.59
10.60
10.61
10.62
Part III Annulment Procedure
11 Annulment Procedure
Preliminary Material
11.01
A The Application for Annulment
11.02
1 Requirements
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
11.10
2 Applications for partial annulment and counterclaims
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
3 Request for annulment by both parties
11.20
4 Registration of the request
11.21
11.22
11.23
B Waiver
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.30
11.31
C Constitution of the Annulment Committee
1 Rules on the constitution of annulment committees
11.32
11.33
11.34
11.35
11.36
2 Disqualification of committee members and counsel
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.40
11.41
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
11.51
D Substantiation
11.52
11.53
E Powers and Functions of the Committee
1 Jurisdiction
11.54
11.55
2 Applicable law
11.56
3 The exclusion of Articles 46 and 47 on incidental and additional claims, counterclaims, and provisional measures
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
11.61
11.62
4 Decisions to annul the award partially
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
5 Cost allocation
11.68
11.69
11.70
11.71
11.72
6 Other issues
11.73
11.74
11.75
11.76
F The Decision on Annulment
11.77
11.78
11.79
11.80
11.81
11.82
11.83
11.84
11.85
11.86
11.87
G Requests for Interpretation, Supplementation, and Rectification of Annulment Decisions
11.88
11.89
11.90
11.91
11.92
11.93
11.94
H Recognition and Enforcement of Annulment Decisions
11.95
12 Stay of Enforcement and Guarantees
Preliminary Material
A The Convention
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
12.09
12.10
B Circumstances Leading to the Stay of Enforcement of the Award
1 General remarks
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
12.16
2 Factors commonly considered by committees
a Prospect of prompt compliance with the award
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.20
b Hardship to one of the parties
12.21
12.22
12.23
c Risk of non-recovery
12.24
d Irreparable harm to the award debtor
12.25
e Dilatory requests for annulment
12.26
f Enforcement regime
12.27
g Balancing of interests
12.28
C The Request to Post Security
12.29
12.30
12.31
12.32
12.33
12.34
12.35
1 Committees’ power to condition the stay
12.36
12.37
12.38
12.39
12.40
12.41
12.42
2 ICSID practice on conditional stays of enforcement
12.43
a Decisions conditioning a stay of enforcement on the provision of security or an assurance in writing
12.44
12.45
12.46
12.47
12.48
12.49
12.50
12.51
12.52
12.53
12.54
12.55
12.56
12.57
b Decisions staying enforcement without conditions
12.58
12.59
12.60
12.61
12.62
12.63
12.64
12.65
12.66
12.67
12.68
12.69
12.70
12.71
Part IV Additional observations
13 Comparison with Other Annulment Mechanisms
Preliminary Material
13.01
13.02
13.03
13.04
A Review Mechanisms
13.05
13.06
13.07
13.08
13.09
B Scope of Review
13.10
13.11
13.12
13.13
C Additional Differences
1 Seat of arbitration
13.14
13.15
2 Waiver
13.16
3 Stay
13.17
4 Outcome
13.18
D Conclusion
13.19
13.20
13.21
14 Proposals to Modify the ICSID Annulment Mechanism
Preliminary Material
A Background and Reasons for the Proposals
14.01
14.02
14.03
14.04
14.05
14.06
14.07
14.08
14.09
14.10
B Suggested Alternatives
14.11
1 Replacing ICSID annulment with an appellate mechanism
a General observations
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
b The intricacies of an appellate mechanism
14.18
14.19
14.20
14.21
14.22
14.23
14.24
2 Other proposals
14.25
14.26
14.27
14.28
14.29
14.30
C Conclusion
14.31
14.32
14.33
Further Material
Appendix: Summary of ICSID Annulment Decisions
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Index
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Series Editor’s Preface
From:
Annulment Under the ICSID Convention
R Doak Bishop, Silvia M Marchili
Content type:
Book content
Product:
International Commercial Arbitration [ICMA]
Series:
Oxford International Arbitration Series
Published in print:
01 December 2012
ISBN:
9780199653744
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[3.227.247.17]
3.227.247.17