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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Dedication
Preface to the Third Edition
The Basel Accords—A Note on Terminology
Basel 2.5
Basel III
Basel III final (‘Basel IV’, Basel 3.5)
Contents—Summary
Contents—Detailed
Tables of Legislation
International
United Kingdom
European Union
Directives
Regulations
United States
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
Part I The Elements of Bank Financial Supervision
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction to Banks and Banking
Preliminary Material
1.01
1.02
A Banks Considered as Risk Takers
1.03
1.04
B A Prototypical Bank
1.05
Business summary
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
Risk analysis
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
Credit risk
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
Market and asset liquidity risks
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
Funding liquidity risk
1.33
1.34
Interest rate risk
1.35
Operational risk
1.36
1.37
Risk consolidation
1.38
1.39
Economic capital
1.40
1.41
2 Why Are Banks Supervised?
Preliminary Material
2.01
A The Basis of Bank Supervision—the Basel Principles
2.02
Principle 1—Responsibilities, objectives and powers:
2.03
Principle 2—Independence, accountability, resourcing and legal protection for supervisors:
2.04
Principle 3—Cooperation and collaboration:
2.05
Principle 4—Permissible activities:
2.06
Principle 5—Licensing criteria:
2.07
Principle 6—Transfer of significant ownership:
2.08
Principle 7—Major acquisitions:
2.09
Principle 8—Supervisory approach:
2.10
Principle 9—Supervisory techniques and tools:
2.11
Principle 10—Supervisory reporting:
2.12
Principle 11—Corrective and sanctioning powers of supervisors:
2.13
Principle 12—Consolidated supervision:
2.14
Principle 13—Home–host relationships:
2.15
Principle 14—Corporate governance:
2.16
Principle 15—Risk management process:
2.17
Principle 16—Capital adequacy:
2.18
Principle 17—Credit risk:
2.19
Principle 18—Problem assets, provisions and reserves:
2.20
Principle 19—Concentration risk and large exposure limits:
2.21
Principle 20—Transactions with related parties:
2.22
Principle 21—Country and transfer risks:
2.23
Principle 22—Market risks:
2.24
Principle 23—Interest rate risk in the banking book:
2.25
Principle 24—Liquidity risk:
2.26
Principle 25—Operational risk:
2.27
Principle 26—Internal control and audit:
2.28
Principle 27—Financial reporting and external audit:
2.29
Principle 28—Disclosure and transparency:
2.30
Principle 29—Abuse of financial services:
2.31
2.32
B Bank Capital Regulation
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
C The Constraints on Bank Capital Regulation
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
D The Quantum of Bank Capital Requirements
2.45
E Does the Banking Crisis Prove that Risk-based Capital Regulation Failed?
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
F Market Crisis and Regulation
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
G Protecting the Public from the Consequences of Bank Failure
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
3 Basel and International Bank Regulation
Preliminary Material
A The Basel Committee and the Basel Accord
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
B Policy Responses to the Crisis
3.07
3.08
C Basel 2.5
Trading book reform
3.09
3.10
3.11
Stress testing
3.12
Pay and bonuses
3.13
3.14
D Basel III Framework
3.15
3.16
Strengthening the global capital framework
3.17
3.18
Enhancing risk coverage
3.19
3.20
Leverage ratio
3.21
Countercyclical buffers
3.22
3.23
Systematic interconnectedness
3.24
Systemic risk
3.25
Introducing a global liquidity standard
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
The first liquidity standard—the liquidity coverage ratio
3.30
The second liquidity standard—the net stable funding ratio
3.31
Monitoring tools
3.32
Addressing reliance on external credit ratings and minimizing cliff effects
3.33
Enhanced counterparty credit risk management requirements
3.34
Stress testing
3.35
Implementation and transitional arrangements
3.36
3.37
E Other Initiatives
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
F Basel III Final
3.54
3.55
Output floor
3.56
3.57
Changes to capital calculations
3.58
3.59
CVA risk framework
3.60
Operational risk framework
3.61
Leverage ratio framework
3.62
G Beyond Basel III?
3.63
4 The Composition of Bank Capital
Preliminary Material
A What Is Capital?
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
B Tier 1 Capital
Core Equity Tier 1 capital
4.08
Common shares
4.09
4.10
4.11
Additional Tier 1 capital—CoCos
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
Issuance
4.16
Redeemability
4.17
Permanence
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
Power to defer payments
4.24
Loss absorption
4.25
Subordination
4.26
Moral hazard
4.27
Associate transactions
4.28
Reserves
4.29
4.30
4.31
Share premium account
4.32
Externally verified profits
4.33
C Tier 2 Capital
4.34
Directly issued instruments
4.35
4.36
Indirectly issued instruments
4.37
Other components of capital
4.38
4.39
Phase-out
4.40
D Deductions from Capital
4.41
Intangibles and goodwill
4.42
Deferred tax assets
4.43
4.44
Cash flow hedge reserve
4.45
Provision shortfall
4.46
Gain on sale related to securitization transactions
4.47
Gains and losses due to changes in own credit risk on fair valued financial liabilities
4.48
Defined benefit pension fund assets and liabilities
4.49
Investments in own shares (treasury stock)
4.50
4.51
Revaluations
4.52
Qualifying holdings (holdings in non-financial undertakings)
4.53
4.54
4.55
Material holdings (holdings in banking, financial, and insurance entities)
4.56
Smaller holdings
4.57
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
Significant investments in unconsolidated entities
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
Connected lending of a capital nature
4.66
E Provisioning, Expected Loss, and Revaluation
4.67
Provisioning and expected loss
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
4.77
4.78
Revaluation
4.79
4.80
4.81
F Capital Monitoring
4.82
4.83
5 Bank Capital Requirements
Preliminary Material
A The Basic Requirements
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
B The Basic Basel Capital Requirement
5.07
Pillar 1
5.08
Pillar 2
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
Pillar 2A
Credit risk
5.13
Market risk
5.14
Operational risk
5.15
Counterparty credit risk
5.16
Credit concentration risk
5.17
Interest rate risk in the banking book
5.18
Pension risk
5.19
Pillar 2B
5.20
5.21
C Capital Buffers
5.22
System-wide
5.23
Institution-specific
5.24
Capital conservation buffer
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
Transitional arrangements
5.36
Countercyclical buffer
5.37
5.38
5.39
Transitional arrangements
5.40
G-SIB buffer
5.41
Systemic buffer
5.42
D The Capital Floor
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
6 Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity
Preliminary Material
A TLAC Requirements
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
Internal and external TLAC
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
B The Composition of TLAC
Regulatory capital instruments as TLAC
6.10
6.11
6.12
Other instruments as TLAC
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
Internal TLAC
6.22
6.23
C Treatment of a Bank’s Holding of Another Bank’s TLAC
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
D The EU’s Approach to TLAC—MREL
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
Deduction of MREL holdings
6.43
6.44
6.45
The EU MREL requirement
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
The EU subordination mechanism
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
Part II Commercial Banking
Preliminary Material
7 Credit Risk
Preliminary Material
A Background
7.01
7.02
7.03
B Risk Weighting of Assets
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
C Valuation of Exposures
7.13
7.14
7.15
Mark-to-Market
7.16
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
7.17
7.18
7.19
Available-for-sale financial assets
7.20
Loans and receivables
7.21
Held-to-maturity investments other than loans and receivables
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
Regulatory principles for asset valuation
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
Prudential value adjustments
7.35
7.36
7.37
D Provisioning and Expected Loss—IFRS9 and CECL
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
E Step-in Risk—Bringing Off-Balance Sheet Assets onto the Balance Sheet
Step-in risk
7.49
7.50
7.51
The step-in risk boundary
7.52
7.53
7.54
Potential responses to the identification of step-in risk
7.55
Inclusion in regulatory consolidation
7.56
Conversion
7.57
Liquidity requirements
7.58
Stress testing
7.59
Provisioning
7.60
Punitive ex post charges
7.61
Internal limits
7.62
Disclosure
7.63
F Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book
7.64
7.65
7.66
7.67
8 The Standardized Approach
Preliminary Material
8.01
8.02
A Classification of Exposures, Credit Conversion Factors, and Credit Risk Mitigation
8.03
B Ratings and Rating Agencies
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
8.09
8.10
8.11
8.12
C Exposures to Sovereigns
8.13
Exposures to foreign sovereigns
8.14
8.15
Exposures to home sovereign
8.16
8.17
Basel proposal for sovereign exposures
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
Other sources of sovereign risk weightings
8.23
8.24
8.25
Regional governments, local authorities, and PSEs
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
The Basel proposal for regional government, local authorities, and PSEs
8.31
8.32
Multilateral development banks
8.33
D Exposures to Banks and Financial Institutions
8.34
8.35
8.36
8.37
Basel III final—banks and investment firms
8.38
8.39
8.40
8.41
8.42
8.43
E Exposures to Corporates—Credit Exposures
8.44
8.45
Basel III final—corporate exposures
8.46
8.47
Basel III final—subordinated debt, equity, and other capital instruments
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
F Exposures to Corporates—Specialized Lending
8.53
8.54
8.55
8.56
Basel III final—specialized lending
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
G Exposures to Retail Customers
8.61
Retail mortgage lending
8.62
8.63
8.64
8.65
8.66
Basel III final—retail
8.67
8.68
H Commercial Mortgage Exposures
8.69
8.70
Basel III final—retail and commercial mortgages
8.71
8.72
Basel III final—residential real estate
8.73
8.74
Basel III final—commercial real estate
8.75
8.76
8.77
8.78
I Overdue Undefaulted Exposures
8.79
Basel III final—defaulted exposures
8.80
8.81
J High-Risk Exposures
8.82
K Covered Bonds
8.83
8.84
8.85
8.86
Basel III final—covered bonds
8.87
L Short-Term Claims on Financial Institutions and Corporates
8.88
M Fund Exposures
8.89
8.90
8.91
N Other Assets
8.92
8.93
8.94
O Off-Balance Sheet Items
8.95
8.96
8.97
8.98
8.99
8.100
8.101
8.102
Basel III final—off-balance sheet items
8.103
9 Model-Based Approaches to Risk Weighting
Preliminary Material
A Introduction to the Basel Risk Model
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
B VaR and the Basel Framework
9.07
C The Basic Basel Formula
9.08
9.09
Maturity adjustment
9.10
9.11
9.12
Default tail
9.13
9.14
9.15
Consequences
9.16
D Putting It All Together
9.17
E Specific Amendments for Different Exposure Classes
9.18
Retail exposures
9.19
Financial sector exposures
9.20
SME exposures
9.21
HVCRE exposures
9.22
F Translating between Capital Requirements and Risk Weightings
9.23
G Model Types
9.24
H Illustrative Risk Weights
9.25
9.26
I Modelling in Practice
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
J Variations in Credit Risk Weightings between Firms
9.31
K Inputs and Outputs
The ‘use’ test
9.32
9.33
The meaning of default
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
Validation of PD estimates
9.38
Loss given default
9.39
9.40
9.41
Exposure at default
9.42
L Becoming an IRB Firm
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
Eligibility for the IRB approach
9.48
9.49
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
9.54
9.55
9.56
Corporate governance
9.57
9.58
9.59
9.60
9.61
9.62
10 The Internal Ratings-Based Approach
Preliminary Material
10.01
10.02
10.03
A Basel III and IRB
10.04
B Corporate, Sovereign, and Bank Exposures
10.05
10.06
10.07
PD
10.08
LGD
10.09
Foundation IRB
10.10
Foundation IRB collateral
10.11
Basel III final—prescribed LGDs
10.12
10.13
10.14
Advanced IRB
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
Basel III final—LGD floors
10.19
Downturn LGDs
10.20
LGD—Loss data
10.21
10.22
LGD—Risk drivers
10.23
LGD—Estimation methodologies
10.24
10.25
LGD for expected loss
10.26
Recognizing double default
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
C Exposure at Default
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
Netting and EAD
10.39
10.40
Commitments—when should a CF/EAD be applied?
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
Maturity
10.45
10.46
10.47
Financial sector exposures under IRB—the asset value correlation multiplier
10.48
10.49
10.50
Highly leveraged counterparties
10.51
10.52
10.53
Basel III final—LGD and EAD—wrong-way risk
10.54
10.55
10.56
10.57
10.58
10.59
D Specialized Lending
10.60
10.61
10.62
10.63
10.64
Basel III final—specialized lending
10.65
10.66
E Retail and Mortgage Exposures
Retail exposures
10.67
10.68
10.69
10.70
10.71
Specialized retail exposures
10.72
10.73
10.74
10.75
10.76
10.77
10.78
F Eligible Purchased Receivables
10.79
10.80
10.81
Basel III
10.82
G Equity Exposures
10.83
10.84
10.85
10.86
10.87
10.88
10.89
The simple risk weight approach for equity
10.90
10.91
10.92
The PD/LGD approach for equity
10.93
10.94
10.95
10.96
10.97
The internal models approach for equity
10.98
Basel III and equity
10.99
11 Netting, Collateral, and Credit Risk Mitigation
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
B Netting
11.06
11.07
On-balance sheet netting
11.08
11.09
Off-balance sheet netting and master netting agreements
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
C Collateral
11.15
11.16
The simple approach
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
Basel III and collateral eligibility
11.23
11.24
The comprehensive approach
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
Haircuts
11.30
Standard supervisory haircuts
11.31
Own estimates for haircuts
11.32
Secured lending transactions
11.33
11.34
Maturity mismatch
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
Basel III—collateral haircuts
11.39
11.40
Basel III—shadow bank financing
11.41
11.42
Government repo market concession
11.43
11.44
11.45
D Guarantees and Credit Derivatives
11.46
11.47
11.48
Effect of unfunded credit protection
11.49
11.50
11.51
Multiple default credit derivatives
11.52
11.53
Basel III—ratings and guarantees
11.54
Part III Investment Banking
Preliminary Material
12 The Trading Book
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
12.01
12.02
Position risk
12.03
12.04
Counterparty credit risk
12.05
Credit value adjustment
12.06
The Fundamental Review of the Trading Book
12.07
12.08
12.09
12.10
12.11
B Trading Book Eligibility
12.12
12.13
12.14
12.15
Trading book eligibility—Basel 2.5
12.16
Trading book eligibility—Basel III
12.17
12.18
12.19
12.20
12.21
12.22
12.23
Trading desks
12.24
12.25
12.26
12.27
12.28
13 Trading Book—Standardized Approaches
Preliminary Material
A Position Risk Requirement (PRR)
13.01
13.02
13.03
B Interest Rate PRR
13.04
13.05
13.06
13.07
13.08
13.09
13.10
Position netting
13.11
13.12
13.13
13.14
13.15
Notional legs
13.16
13.17
13.18
13.19
Specific risk
13.20
13.21
General market risk
13.22
C Equity PRR
13.23
13.24
13.25
13.26
13.27
Standard equity method
13.28
Standard equity method—specific risk
13.29
Standard equity method—general market risk
13.30
13.31
D Commodity PRR
13.32
13.33
13.34
13.35
13.36
13.37
13.38
The simplified approach
13.39
The maturity ladder approach
13.40
The extended maturity ladder approach
13.41
13.42
E Foreign Currency PRR
13.43
13.44
13.45
13.46
13.47
13.48
F Option PRR
13.49
13.50
The simplified approach
13.51
13.52
The delta-plus approach
13.53
The scenario approach
13.54
13.55
13.56
G Fund Exposures PRR
13.57
13.58
13.59
13.60
13.61
13.62
H Credit Derivatives
13.63
13.64
13.65
13.66
13.67
13.68
13.69
13.70
13.71
13.72
Notional positions
13.73
13.74
13.75
13.76
Recognition of risk reduction
13.77
13.78
13.79
13.80
Nth-to-default
13.81
13.82
13.83
13.84
I Underwriting Positions
13.85
13.86
13.87
13.88
13.89
13.90
13.91
J Position Risk under Basel III
13.92
The revised standardized approach
13.93
13.94
13.95
13.96
13.97
13.98
13.99
Sensitivities-based method
13.100
13.101
13.102
13.103
13.104
13.105
13.106
Standardized default risk charge
13.107
13.108
13.109
13.110
13.111
13.112
13.113
13.114
13.115
Residual risk add-on
13.116
13.117
14 Trading Book—Models
Preliminary Material
A ‘CAD 1’ Models
14.01
14.02
B VaR Models
14.03
14.04
14.05
14.06
14.07
14.08
The multiplication factor
14.09
C Basel 2.5
Stressed VaR
14.10
14.11
14.12
The incremental risk charge
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
14.18
14.19
14.20
14.21
Securitization positions in the trading book
14.22
14.23
14.24
14.25
Correlation trading
14.26
14.27
14.28
14.29
14.30
D Basel III Final and Trading Book Models
14.31
14.32
14.33
14.34
14.35
14.36
14.37
14.38
14.39
14.40
14.41
Basel III internal trading book models
14.42
14.43
14.44
14.45
14.46
14.47
14.48
14.49
14.50
14.51
14.52
14.53
14.54
14.55
14.56
14.57
Criteria for individual desk model use
14.58
P&L attribution
14.59
14.60
14.61
14.62
14.63
Backtesting assessment
14.64
14.65
14.66
Default risk charge
14.67
14.68
14.69
14.70
14.71
Stressed capital add-on
14.72
14.73
14.74
14.75
14.76
15 Counterparty Risk in the Trading Book
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
15.01
15.02
15.03
15.04
15.05
15.06
B Counterparty Credit Risk Calculation Methods
15.07
15.08
15.09
15.10
15.11
C The Current Exposure or Mark-to-Market Method
15.12
15.13
PFE calculation
15.14
15.15
15.16
15.17
15.18
Netting within the mark-to-market method
15.19
D The Standardized Method
15.20
15.21
15.22
15.23
E Credit Risk Exposure Calculation
15.24
15.25
15.26
15.27
15.28
15.29
F The CCR Internal Model Method
15.30
15.31
15.32
15.33
15.34
15.35
15.36
15.37
G Contractual Netting within the CCR Regime
15.38
15.39
15.40
15.41
15.42
15.43
H CCR Models and Securities Financing Transactions
15.44
I Credit Derivatives
15.45
15.46
15.47
J Collateral in the Trading Book
15.48
15.49
K Double Default in the Trading Book
15.50
15.51
15.52
L Rules Common to Banking and Trading Books
Unsettled transactions
15.53
15.54
15.55
Free deliveries
15.56
15.57
15.58
M Basel III Foundation and CCR
Counterparty credit risk
15.59
General wrong-way risk
15.60
Collateralized counterparties and margin period of risk
15.61
15.62
15.63
Downgrade triggers
15.64
Collateral management
15.65
Securitization and resecuritization collateral
15.66
N Basel III Final and CCR (SA-CCR)
15.67
15.68
15.69
Replacement cost
15.70
15.71
15.72
15.73
15.74
15.75
15.76
15.77
Potential future exposure
15.78
15.79
15.80
15.81
15.82
15.83
Add-on
15.84
Adjusted notional
15.85
Supervisory delta adjustments
15.86
Supervisory correlation parameters
15.87
Add-on for interest rate derivatives
15.88
15.89
15.90
16 Credit Value Adjustment
Preliminary Material
A Basel 2.5 CVA
16.01
16.02
16.03
16.04
16.05
16.06
16.07
16.08
16.09
B Basel III CVA
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
Basic approach (BA-CVA)
16.14
BA-CVA reduced version
16.15
16.16
BA-CVA full version
16.17
16.18
Standardized approach (SA-CVA)
16.19
16.20
16.21
Hedging
16.22
Advanced approach
16.23
16.24
16.25
16.26
16.27
17 Derivatives, Clearing, and Exposures to CCPs
Preliminary Material
A Central Counterparty (CCP) Clearing
17.01
17.02
17.03
17.04
17.05
17.06
B CCP Exposures
17.07
17.08
Own account trading
17.09
17.10
17.11
Client exposures
17.12
17.13
17.14
17.15
17.16
Default fund exposures
17.17
17.18
17.19
17.20
18 Securitization and Repackaging
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
18.01
18.02
18.03
18.04
18.05
18.06
18.07
What is a securitization?
18.08
18.09
18.10
18.11
18.12
18.13
18.14
18.15
True sale and derecognition of assets
18.16
18.17
18.18
18.19
18.20
18.21
18.22
‘Derecognition’ for synthetic securitizations
18.23
18.24
18.25
18.26
Implicit support or ‘de-derecognition’
18.27
18.28
18.29
18.30
B Risk Weighting of Securitization Exposures
18.31
18.32
18.33
18.34
Weighting holdings of securitization positions—the standardized approach
18.35
18.36
18.37
18.38
18.39
Asset-backed commercial paper
18.40
18.41
18.42
Liquidity facilities
18.43
18.44
18.45
C The IRB Approach
18.46
18.47
18.48
18.49
The ratings-based approach
18.50
The supervisory formula approach
18.51
18.52
18.53
18.54
18.55
18.56
18.57
18.58
18.59
The ABCP IAA
18.60
D Revolving Credit Securitizations
18.61
18.62
18.63
18.64
18.65
Treatment of the originator’s share
18.66
18.67
18.68
E Securitization and Basel 2.5
18.69
Resecuritization
18.70
18.71
18.72
18.73
18.74
18.75
18.76
18.77
18.78
18.79
18.80
18.81
Self-guarantees
18.82
18.83
Standardized approach resecuritization risk weights
18.84
Credit analysis
18.85
18.86
18.87
18.88
F Basel III—‘Simple, Transparent, Comparable’ Securitizations
18.89
18.90
18.91
18.92
18.93
18.94
18.95
The STC criteria
18.96
Asset risk
18.97
18.98
18.99
18.100
18.101
18.102
18.103
18.104
Structural risk
18.105
18.106
18.107
18.108
18.109
18.110
Fiduciary and servicer risk
18.111
18.112
18.113
G Basel III—Securitization Framework
18.114
Definitions and general terminology
18.115
18.116
18.117
18.118
Originating bank:
18.119
Asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) programme:
18.120
Clean-up call:
18.121
Credit enhancement:
18.122
Credit-enhancing interest-only strip:
18.123
Early amortization:
18.124
Excess spread:
18.125
Implicit support:
18.126
IRB pool:
18.127
Mixed pool:
18.128
Standardized approach (SA) pool:
18.129
Senior securitization exposure (tranche):
18.130
Securitization exposure amount:
18.131
Special purpose entity (SPE):
18.132
Tranche maturity:
18.133
Recognition of risk transference—cash securitizations
18.134
Recognition of risk mitigation—synthetic securitizations
18.135
Early amortization provisions
18.136
Clean-up calls
18.137
Due diligence requirements
18.138
18.139
H Basel III—Risk Weighting of Securitization Exposures
18.140
Hierarchy of approaches
18.141
18.142
Internal ratings-based approach (SEC-IRBA)
18.143
18.144
18.145
18.146
SEC-IRBA—STC securitizations
18.147
External ratings-based approach (SEC-ERBA)
18.148
18.149
18.150
18.151
18.152
18.153
18.154
Internal assessment approach
18.155
18.156
18.157
SEC-RBA STC securitizations
18.158
Standardized approach (SEC-SA)
18.159
18.160
18.161
SEC-SA and STC securitizations
18.162
Maximum risk weight for senior exposures
18.163
Maximum capital requirements
18.164
18.165
Treatment of resecuritization exposures
18.166
18.167
18.168
Credit risk mitigation for securitization exposures
18.169
18.170
Maturity mismatches
18.171
Part IV Other Risks
Preliminary Material
19 Operational Risk Requirements
Preliminary Material
A Operational Risk
19.01
19.02
19.03
19.04
19.05
19.06
19.07
B The Basic Indicator Approach
19.08
19.09
19.10
19.11
19.12
C Standard and Advanced Measurement Approaches—Criteria for Use
19.13
D The Standardized Approach—The Charge
19.14
E Advanced Measurement Approach—The Charge
19.15
19.16
19.17
19.18
19.19
19.20
19.21
19.22
F Basel III Final—Operational Risk
19.23
19.24
Business indicator
19.25
19.26
Business indicator component
19.27
Internal loss multiplier
19.28
19.29
19.30
19.31
20 Concentration and Large Exposures
Preliminary Material
A The Large Exposures Regime
20.01
20.02
20.03
20.04
20.05
20.06
B Exposure
20.07
20.08
20.09
20.10
C Counterparty
20.11
20.12
20.13
Connected counterparties
20.14
20.15
20.16
Total exposure
20.17
20.18
20.19
20.20
20.21
20.22
20.23
20.24
Exposures to pooled vehicles
20.25
20.26
20.27
D Exposure Limits and Exempt Exposures
20.28
20.29
20.30
20.31
20.32
Collateralization
20.33
20.34
Integrated groups
20.35
20.36
20.37
20.38
Part V Liquidity and Leverage
Preliminary Material
21 Liquidity Requirements
Preliminary Material
A Liquidity Supervision
21.01
21.02
21.03
21.04
21.05
B Qualitative Supervision of Liquidity
21.06
21.07
C Liquidity Risk Monitoring Tools
21.08
21.09
21.10
21.11
21.12
21.13
21.14
21.15
21.16
22 Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio
Preliminary Material
A Liquidity under Basel III
22.01
The two requirements
22.02
22.03
22.04
B Liquidity Coverage Ratio
22.05
22.06
22.07
22.08
22.09
22.10
22.11
22.12
Characteristics of high-quality liquid assets
22.13
Operational requirements
22.14
22.15
22.16
22.17
22.18
22.19
Level 1 assets
22.20
22.21
22.22
Level 2 assets
22.23
22.24
Level 2B assets
22.25
Treatment for jurisdictions with insufficient liquid assets
22.26
Shari’ah banks
22.27
Total net cash outflows
22.28
22.29
22.30
22.31
Retail deposits
22.32
22.33
22.34
22.35
22.36
22.37
Unsecured wholesale funding
22.38
22.39
Wholesale funding from operational relationships
22.40
22.41
22.42
22.43
22.44
22.45
22.46
22.47
22.48
22.49
22.50
Secured funding
22.51
22.52
22.53
22.54
Other outflows
Downgrade triggers
22.55
Valuation adjustments
22.56
Excess non-segregated collateral
22.57
22.58
22.59
22.60
Drawdowns on committed credit and liquidity facilities
22.61
22.62
22.63
22.64
22.65
22.66
22.67
Cash inflows
22.68
22.69
22.70
22.71
22.72
22.73
22.74
C The Net Stable Funding Ratio
22.75
22.76
22.77
22.78
22.79
22.80
22.81
22.82
Required stable funding
22.83
Off-balance sheet exposures
22.84
Encumbered assets
22.85
22.86
22.87
22.88
Interdependent assets
22.89
22.90
23 The Leverage Ratio
Preliminary Material
A The Leverage Ratio
23.01
23.02
23.03
B The 2014 Standard
23.04
Scope of consolidation
23.05
Exposure measure
23.06
23.07
23.08
On-balance sheet exposures
23.09
23.10
Derivative exposures
23.11
23.12
23.13
23.14
Initial margin
23.15
23.16
Variation margin
23.17
23.18
23.19
Cleared derivatives—principal clearing
23.20
Cleared derivatives—agency clearing
23.21
Credit derivatives
23.22
Securities financing transaction
23.23
Off-balance sheet items
23.24
C Basel III Final and the Leverage Ratio
23.25
23.26
23.27
23.28
23.29
23.30
23.31
23.32
23.33
Derivatives
23.34
23.35
23.36
23.37
23.38
23.39
Securities financing transaction exposures
23.40
Off-balance sheet items
23.41
Part VI Bank Group Supervision
Preliminary Material
24 Group Supervision
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
24.01
24.02
24.03
Solo supervision
24.04
Consolidated supervision
24.05
Conglomerate supervision
24.06
24.07
B Consolidated Supervision
24.08
24.09
C Scope of Consolidation
24.10
24.11
24.12
24.13
24.14
24.15
24.16
24.17
D Minority Interests
24.18
24.19
24.20
E Solo Consolidation
24.21
24.22
F Consolidated Capital
24.23
G Consolidated Capital Resources Requirements
24.24
24.25
24.26
24.27
Operational risk
24.28
24.29
Advanced IRB approaches
24.30
Large exposures
24.31
25 Financial Conglomerates
Preliminary Material
A Issues with Conglomerates
25.01
Double or multiple gearing
25.02
Debt downstreamed as equity
25.03
Unregulated intermediate holding companies
25.04
Unregulated entities engaged in financial business
25.05
Participations and minority interests in regulated entities
25.06
25.07
B Banks in Non-Financial Groups
25.08
25.09
25.10
25.11
25.12
C Mixed Activity Groups
25.13
25.14
25.15
25.16
25.17
25.18
25.19
25.20
25.21
25.22
D Methods of Regulating Financial Conglomerates
25.23
25.24
25.25
Method 1
25.26
25.27
Method 2
25.28
25.29
Method 3
25.30
25.31
Method 4
25.32
E Consolidating Unconnected Entities
25.33
25.34
25.35
F Groups Headquartered Outside the EU
25.36
25.37
26 Cross-Border Supervision of Bank Groups
Preliminary Material
26.01
A International Group Supervision
26.02
26.03
B EU Group Supervision
26.04
26.05
26.06
26.07
26.08
26.09
26.10
26.11
26.12
26.13
26.14
26.15
26.16
26.17
26.18
26.19
26.20
26.21
27 Pillar 3—Disclosure Requirements
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
27.01
27.02
27.03
27.04
27.05
27.06
27.07
B Scope of the Pillar 3 Regime
27.08
27.09
27.10
27.11
27.12
27.13
C Basic Requirements
Basel III
27.14
27.15
27.16
Further Material
Index
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Tables of Legislation
From:
Gleeson on the International Regulation of Banking (3rd Edition)
Simon Gleeson
Previous Edition (2 ed.)
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Financial Law [FBL]
Published in print:
30 August 2018
ISBN:
9780198793410
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