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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
General Editor’s Preface
Preface
Contents
Table of Cases
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Cayman Islands
European Court of Justice
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Sweden
UK
USA
Table of Legislation
United Nations
European Legislation
Treaties and Conventions
Directives
Regulations
Bilateral Treaties and Agreements
National Legislation
Anguilla
Austria
Bahamas
Belgium
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Russia
St Vincent and the Grenadines
Seychelles
Spain
Switzerland
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States: Federal Laws
United States: State Laws
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
Part I Private International Law for Corporations
1 National Choice of Law for Corporations
Preliminary Material
I Common Law: The Theory of Incorporation
1.01
1.02
A Choice of Law for Corporations in England
1.03
B Choice of Law for Corporations in the USA
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
C Choice of Law for Corporations in Switzerland
1.11
1.12
II Civil Law: The Real Seat Theory
1.13
A Choice of Law for Corporations in France
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
B Choice of Law for Corporations in Germany
1.20
1.21
C Choice of Law for Corporations in Italy
1.22
1.23
1.24
III The Incorporation and Real Seat Theories Compared
1.25
A Advantages and Disadvantages of the Incorporation Theory
1.26
1.27
1.28
B Anti-Abuse Considerations: The Advantage of the Real Seat Theory
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
2 The Incorporation and Real Seat Theories in Context
Preliminary Material
2.01
I Choice of Law for Corporations and Rules on Jurisdiction
A Choice of Law for Corporations and Rules on Jurisdiction in Europe
2.02
i The Interpretation of Article 22(2) of the Brussels I Regulation in the UK
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
ii The Interpretation of Article 22(2) of the Brussels I Regulation in Civilian Jurisdictions
2.08
B Hassett & Doherty: The Place of Corporate Claims in the Scheme of the Brussels I Regulation
2.09
i The Facts of the Case
2.10
2.11
ii The Judgment of the ECJ
2.12
2.13
iii Where should Company Law Claims be Placed in the Brussels I Regulation Scheme?
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
C Choice of Law for Corporations and Rules on Jurisdiction in the USA
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
II Choice of Law for Corporations and Substantive Rules of Company Law
2.38
A Choice of Law for Corporations and Substantive Rules of Company Law in Common Law Jurisdictions
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
B Choice of Law for Corporations and Substantive Rules of Company Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
III Concluding Remarks
2.48
2.49
Part II The Impact of Freedom of Establishment on Private International Law for Corporations
3 The Normative Content of Freedom of Establishment
Preliminary Material
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
I The Daily Mail Case
A The Facts of the Case and the Ruling of the ECJ
3.06
3.07
B The Reaction of Scholars
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
II The Centros Case
A The Facts of the Case and the Ruling of the ECJ
3.16
3.17
3.18
B The Reaction of Commentators
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
III The Überseering Case
A The Facts of the Case and the Proceedings before German Courts
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
B The Ruling of the ECJ: The Relationship between the Daily Mail and Centros Cases
3.31
3.32
3.33
C The Opinion of AG Colomer: The Relationship between the Daily Mail and Centros Cases
3.34
3.35
D The Ruling of the ECJ: The Compatibility of the Real Seat Theory with Freedom of Establishment
3.36
3.37
3.38
E The Reaction of Commentators
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
IV The Inspire Art Case
A The Netherlands Legislation on Pseudo-Foreign Corporations and the Facts of the Case
3.55
3.56
3.57
B The Submissions of the Governments and the Commission: The Existence of a Breach of Freedom of Establishment
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
C The Ruling of the ECJ on the Existence of a Breach of Freedom of Establishment
3.62
3.63
D The Ruling of the ECJ on the Justification of the Breach of Freedom of Establishment
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
E The Reaction of Commentators
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
V The Sevic Case
3.79
A The Opinion of AG Tizzano
3.80
3.81
B The Ruling of the ECJ
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
3.86
VI The Grunkin & Paul Case
3.87
3.88
A The Facts of the Case
3.89
B The Opinion of AG Sharpston
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
C The Ruling of the ECJ
3.98
3.99
3.100
D The Implications of Primary EU Law on Private International Law: The Grunkin & Paul and Überseering Cases
i The Neutrality of Private International Law Rules
3.101
3.102
3.103
3.104
3.105
3.106
3.107
3.108
ii Dual Nationality: Natural Persons
3.109
3.110
iii Dual Nationality: Legal Persons
3.111
3.112
3.113
3.114
Binary approach.
3.115
3.116
3.117
3.118
Unitary approach.
3.119
3.120
3.121
3.122
Notion of restriction.
3.123
3.124
3.125
3.126
Issues of nationality.
3.127
3.128
3.129
3.130
3.131
3.132
3.133
3.134
3.135
3.136
E The reaction of Member States to a Ruling of Incompatibility
3.137
3.138
3.139
3.140
VII The Cartesio Case
3.141
A The Facts of the Case
3.142
B The Ruling of the ECJ
3.143
3.144
3.145
3.146
3.147
3.148
3.149
3.150
C Commentary to the Ruling
3.151
3.152
3.153
i Inbound and Outbound Cases
3.154
3.155
3.156
3.157
3.158
3.159
3.160
3.161
3.162
3.163
3.164
3.165
3.166
3.167
3.168
3.169
3.170
3.171
ii The Survival of the Real Seat Theory
3.172
3.173
3.174
3.175
D The Reception of Cartesio
3.176
i The Connecting Factors vis-a-vis Article 54 TFEU
3.177
3.178
3.179
3.180
3.181
3.182
3.183
3.184
3.185
3.186
3.187
ii The Distinction between the Sevic and Cartesio Rulings
3.188
3.189
3.190
3.191
3.192
3.193
3.194
3.195
VIII Further Developments
3.196
3.197
3.198
3.199
3.200
3.201
3.202
3.203
3.204
3.205
4 Letter-box Companies and the Doctrine of Abuse
Preliminary Material
4.01
4.02
4.03
I Corporate Mobility under the Services Directive
A The Political Background of the Services Directive
4.04
4.05
4.06
B The Lisbon Strategy
4.07
4.08
4.09
C The Content of the Services Directive
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
D The Commission’s Proposal for a Directive on Services in the Internal Market
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
E The Reaction to the Commission’s Proposal
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
F The Consequences of the Services Directive on Letter-box Companies
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
II Letter-box Companies: The Post- Centros Development of the Doctrine of Abuse
4.44
4.45
4.46
A The Cadbury Schweppes Case
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
B Cartesio : The Opinion of AG Maduro
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.58
C Evaluation and Criticism: What is Wrong with Letter-box Companies?
i The Historical Links between the Real Seat Theory and the Term ‘Letter-box Company’
4.59
4.60
4.61
4.62
ii The Treatment of Letter-box Companies in the Context of Freedom of Establishment
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
D Revisiting the Doctrine of Abuse in Relation to Letter-box Companies
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.80
4.81
4.82
4.83
4.84
4.85
4.86
4.87
4.88
4.89
4.90
4.91
4.92
4.93
4.94
4.95
4.96
4.97
4.98
4.99
4.100
4.101
4.102
4.103
4.104
5 Regulatory Competition for Incorporations
Preliminary Material
5.01
5.02
I Regulatory Competition for Corporate Charters in the USA
5.03
A The Three Approaches to the Delaware Effect
5.04
5.05
B The Race to the Bottom
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.09
C The Race to the Top
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
D The Federal Government: The Procrustes of American Corporate Law
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
II Delaware’s Prevalence in the US Market for Corporate Charters
5.24
5.25
A Enabling Provisions of Corporate Law
5.26
5.27
B The Positive Contribution of the Legislature and the Judiciary
5.28
5.29
C Delaware’s Conservatism
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
D Increase of Firm Value
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
III Incentives for a State to Engage in Regulatory Competition
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
IV Regulatory Competition for Corporate Charters in the European Union
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
A The Prospect of Regulatory Competition with Regard to Company Law
5.47
B Optimistic Approach: Plenty of, or Some Room for, Regulatory Competition
i Reasons for the Possibility of a Delaware Effect in Europe
5.48
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
ii The Possibility of a Member State Lading the Competition for Corporate Charters in Europe
5.67
5.68
5.69
5.70
5.71
5.72
iii Possible Responses to the Prevalence of a Particular Member State in Regulatory Competition for Corporate Charters
5.73
5.74
5.75
C Pessimistic Approach: No, or Relatively Little Room for Regulatory Competition
i Lack of Political Intention and Taxation Incentives
5.76
ii The Survival of the Real Seat Theory
5.77
5.78
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
5.83
5.84
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.88
5.89
iii The Consequences of Compatibility of the Services Directive with the TFEU and the Refinement of the Doctrine of Abuse
5.90
5.91
5.92
5.93
5.94
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.98
iv Taxation Distorts Regulatory Competition for Company Law
5.99
5.100
5.101
5.102
5.103
5.104
5.105
5.106
V Concluding Remarks
5.107
Part III The Impact of Freedom of Establishment on Private International Law for Insolvency
6 The Scheme of Insolvency Proceedings in the European Union
Preliminary Material
I General Features and Characteristics of the Insolvency Regulation
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
II The Concept of the Centre of Main Interests
6.05
6.06
A The Eurofood Case
i The Facts of the Case
6.07
6.08
6.09
ii The Ruling of the ECJ
6.10
6.11
iii The Opinion of AG Jacobs
6.12
6.13
6.14
B The Interedil Case
i The Facts of the Case
6.15
6.16
ii The Ruling of the ECJ
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
C The Normative Content of Ascertainability
i Ascertainable or Ascertained COMI?
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
ii Ascertainability as Caveat Creditor
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
D Objectivity versus Ascertainability
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
E The Majority of Creditors by Value as a Test for Ascertainability
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
III The Interpretation of the COMI by Domestic Courts
A Objective Elements of the COMI
6.56
6.57
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
B Letter-box Companies and Political Considerations
6.70
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
6.75
6.76
C The COMI of Groups of Companies
i The COMI of an International Enterprise Group: The Work of UNCITRAL
6.77
6.78
6.79
6.80
6.81
ii International Enterprise Groups within the Framework of the Insolvency Regulation
6.82
6.83
6.84
6.85
6.86
6.87
IV The Impact of Freedom of Establishment on the Interpretation of the COMI
A Is the COMI a Real Seat Theory Choice of Law for Insolvency?
6.88
6.89
6.90
6.91
6.92
6.93
B The Compatibility of the Presumption Contained in Article 3(1) of the Insolvency Regulation with Freedom of Establishment
6.94
6.95
6.96
C The Boundaries between Freedom of Establishment and Title V TFEU
6.97
6.98
6.99
6.100
6.101
D Is the Reversal of the Presumption in Article 3(1) of the Insolvency Regulation an Unjustifiable Impediment to Freedom of Establishment?
6.102
6.103
6.104
6.105
6.106
6.107
6.108
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
6.113
V Comparison of the COMI in the Insolvency Regulation with the COMI in the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency
6.114
6.115
6.116
A The Scope of the Model Law: A Comparison withthe Insolvency Regulation
6.117
6.118
6.119
B The Notion of the COMI in Case-law Deliberating on the Model Law
6.120
6.121
i In re SPhinX: the Starting Point
6.122
6.123
6.124
6.125
6.126
6.127
6.128
6.129
6.130
6.131
ii The Development of the Law after In re SPhinX
6.132
6.133
6.134
6.135
6.136
6.137
6.138
iii The Views of Commentators
6.139
6.140
6.141
6.142
6.143
6.144
C An Assessment of the Comparison between US and European Case-law on the COMI
6.145
6.146
6.147
6.148
6.149
6.150
6.151
6.152
6.153
6.154
6.155
6.156
6.157
6.158
6.159
6.160
6.161
6.162
6.163
6.164
6.165
6.166
6.167
6.168
6.169
6.170
6.171
6.172
7 The COMI and Forum Shopping
Preliminary Material
7.01
I The Concept of Forum Shopping
A Forum Shopping as a Term of Art in Private International Law
7.02
i The Notion of Forum Shopping at Common Law
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
ii The Notion of Forum Shopping in Civil Law
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
iii The Virtues and Vices of Forum Shopping
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
iv Drawing the Line between Good and Bad Forum Shopping on the Basis of Consent
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
B How Different, if at all, is the Meaning of Forum Shopping in the Insolvency Regulation?
i Forum Shopping in the Insolvency Regulation
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.50
ii The Relationship between Forum Shopping, Regulatory Competition, and Abuse of Law
7.51
7.52
7.53
7.54
7.55
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.60
7.61
7.62
7.63
7.64
7.65
7.66
7.67
7.68
7.69
7.70
7.71
iii Forum Shopping in the UNCITRAL Model Law
7.72
7.73
7.74
7.75
7.76
7.77
iv The Transfer of the COMI is Not by Definition a Detrimental Act
7.78
7.79
7.80
7.81
7.82
7.83
II Transfer of the Central Management
7.84
7.85
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.91
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.95
III Transfer of the Registered Office
7.96
A The 14th Directive on the Cross-Border Transfer of the Registered Office
7.97
7.98
7.99
B The Transfer of the Registered Office as a Means of Forum Shopping
7.100
7.101
7.102
7.103
7.104
7.105
7.106
7.107
7.108
7.109
7.110
7.111
7.112
7.113
7.114
IV Transfer of the COMI through Cross-Border Corporate Formations
7.115
7.116
7.117
7.118
7.119
7.120
7.121
7.122
7.123
7.124
7.125
7.126
7.127
7.128
7.129
7.130
V Transfer of the COMI by Means of Successio Universalis
7.131
7.132
7.133
7.134
7.135
7.136
7.137
7.138
8 Regulatory Competition for Insolvencies
Preliminary Material
8.01
8.02
I General Remarks
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
II Incentives for Member States to Compete
8.08
8.09
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
III Common Private International Law Rules for Insolvency Proceedings
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
IV Diversity is the Genius of European Insolvency Law
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
V Concluding Remarks
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
9 Reflections on the Intersection of Freedom of Establishment with Private International Law for Corporations
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
Further Material
Bibliography
Index
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Table of Cases
From:
Freedom of Establishment and Private International Law for Corporations
Paschalis Paschalidis
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Private International Law [PRIL]
Series:
Oxford Private International Law Series
Published in print:
29 March 2012
ISBN:
9780199698042
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