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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
General Editor’s Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents–Summary
Contents
Table of Cases
National Legislation
China
Ecuador
Egypt
Ghana
Georgia
Greece
Indonesia
Kyrgyz Republic
Latvia
Mozambique
Russia
United States
Venezuela
Treaties and Other International Legal Instruments
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Tables
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
1 International Investment in China and the Bit Programme
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
B The Changing Role of China in International Investment
1.05
A Brief History of Foreign Direct Investment in China
1.06
1949–1978: New China and the Nationalization and Exclusion of FDI
1.07
1.08
1979–1991: Open-door Policy and Resumption of FDI in China
1.09
1.10
1.11
1992–2000: Market Economy and the First Surge of FDI Inflow
1.12
1.13
2001–present: WTO Admission and the Second Surge of FDI Inflow
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
A Brief History of Outward Direct Investment from China
1.19
Pre-1998: Development and Regulation
1.20
1.21
1.22
Post-1998: ‘Going Abroad’ Policy and Its Implementation
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
C Forms of Foreign Investment in China
1.27
1.28
Joint Ventures
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise (WFE)
1.33
1.34
Joint Exploitation
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
Stock Company with Foreign Investment
1.43
Holding Companies with Foreign Investment
1.44
Build-Operate-Transfer
1.45
1.46
Merger and Acquisition
1.47
The 2007 Catalogues
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
D The Legal Framework and the BIT Programme
The Legal Framework of Foreign Investment
1.54
1.55
Legal Changes and ‘Stabilization Clause’ under Chinese Law
1.56
1.57
1.58
Chinese BITs: Basic Facts
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
Chinese BITs: Treaty-making Process
1.63
1.64
Chinese BITs: Evolution of the Programme
1.65
1982–1989: The Launch of the BIT Programme and the First-generation BITs
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1990–1997: ICSID Accession and the Second-generation BITs
1.74
1.75
1.76
1998–Present: The Canadian BIT Talks and the Third-generation BITs
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
Chinese BITs: Key Features of the Current Model
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
Chinese BITs: Status within the Chinese Legal System
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
Chinese BITs: Purposes and Interpretation
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.100
E This Book: Purposes and Contents
1.101
1.102
1.103
1.104
2 Scope And Definition
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
2.01
2.02
B Subject Matter (ratione materiae)
2.03
2.04
The ‘in Accordance with Its Laws and Regulations’ Requirement
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
Objective Criteria
2.09
2.10
2.11
The Illustrative List
2.12
Movable and Immovable Property
2.13
Interests in Companies
2.14
2.15
2.16
Contractual Rights
2.17
2.18
Intellectual Property Rights
2.19
2.20
2.21
Business Concessions
2.22
2.23
2.24
Other Forms of Assets
2.25
2.26
Indirect Investment
2.27
2.28
2.29
Change in Form of Investment
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
C Persons and Entities ( ratione personae )
2.35
2.36
Natural Persons
2.37
2.38
Dual/Multiple Nationalities
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
No Nationality
2.43
Nationals in Chinese Special Administrative Regions
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
Corporate Entities
2.50
2.51
Incorporation
2.52
2.53
Seat
2.54
2.55
Control and Ownership
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
Legal Personality, Form, and Purposes
2.72
2.73
2.74
Foreign Economic Competence Restriction
2.75
Corporate Entities in SARs
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
D Territorial Application
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
E Temporal Application
2.91
Commencement, Duration, and Termination
2.92
2.93
Applicability to Investments Made Prior to the Conclusion of the Treaty
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
F Admission of Investments
2.100
2.101
2.102
2.103
2.104
2.105
2.106
2.107
2.108
G Conclusion
2.109
2.110
2.111
2.112
2.113
2.114
3 Fair And Equitable Treatment
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
3.01
3.02
B Fair and Equitable Treatment and Its Interpretations
3.03
3.04
3.05
Different Approaches
3.06
The Plain Meaning Approach
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
The IMS Approach
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
Jurisprudential Developments
3.21
Jurisprudence under NAFTA Chapter 11
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
Jurisprudence under Other Investment Treaties
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
Full Protection and Security
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
Summary
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
C Fair and Equitable Treatment under Chinese Investment Treaties
3.55
3.56
3.57
No FET Clause
3.58
Location
3.59
Criteria of Reference
3.60
3.61
Domestic Law of the Host State
3.62
3.63
International Treaties
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
Principles of International Law
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
Other Standards of Treatment
3.75
3.76
Exceptions
3.77
Protection and Security (PNS)
3.78
3.79
3.80
Arbitrary and Discriminatory Measures (ADM)
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
Summary
3.86
3.87
3.88
D Conclusion
3.89
3.90
3.91
4 Non-Discrimination Treatment
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
4.01
4.02
4.03
B Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
MFN Treatment and Its Application
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
Application to Substantive Rights
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
Application to Procedural Rights (Dispute Settlement)
4.14
4.15
4.16
MFN Clauses in Chinese BITs
4.17
Stage of Application
4.18
4.19
Subject Matters
4.20
a
b
c
d
e
4.21
‘Investments’ and ‘Investment-related Activities’
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
‘Investments’ Only
4.26
4.27
‘Returns’
4.28
Exceptions to the MFN Clause
4.29
4.30
Economic Integration
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
Taxation Treaties and Laws
4.35
4.36
Frontier Trade
4.37
4.38
4.39
Other Exceptions
4.40
4.41
4.42
C National Treatment (NT)
National Treatment and Its Application
The Standard of National Treatment
4.43
4.44
4.45
4.46
Application of the National Treatment Standard
4.47
4.48
‘Comparator’ or ‘Like Investor’
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
Discrimination and Intent
4.53
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
Justifications
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
Relevance of WTO Jurisprudence
4.62
4.63
4.64
NT Clauses in Chinese Investment Treaties
4.65
4.66
4.67
4.68
4.69
Six Approaches
4.70
a
b
c
d
e
f
Best effort NT: The UK BIT Style
4.71
4.72
Substantially Qualified NT: The Japan BIT Style
4.73
4.74
NT Subject to Local Law: The Spain BIT Style
4.75
4.76
NT Subject to Grandfather Clause: The Cyprus Approach
4.77
4.78
4.79
Full Post-admission NT: The Seychelles BIT Approach
4.80
4.81
4.82
Non-Reciprocal NT Approach
4.83
Scope of Application
Subject matters
4.84
4.85
Illustrative List
4.86
4.87
‘Like Circumstances’
4.88
4.89
4.90
D Conclusion
4.91
4.92
4.93
5 Monetary Transfer
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.09
B Types of Payment
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
Scope of Transfer Provisions: Inward and Outward Investments
5.20
5.21
5.22
Exclusions to Transfer Provisions
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
Most Favoured Nation Clause and the Transfer Provisions
5.27
C Convertibility and Exchange Rates
5.28
5.29
5.30
Exchange Rates
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
‘Without Delay’
5.36
5.37
5.38
D ‘China Clauses’ on Transfer
5.39
5.40
Subject to Local Laws and Regulations
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
Transfer under Chinese Law
5.45
Repatriation of Foreign Investments and Returns
5.46
5.47
5.48
Convertibility and Exchange Rate
5.49
5.50
Temporary Restrictions to Transfer – Balance of Payments
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
E ECJ Litigation Relating to Transfer Provisions
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
F Conclusion
5.67
6 Umbrella Clause and Investment Contracts
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
B Umbrella Clause and International Investment Arbitration
Historic Context
6.04
6.05
6.06
The SGS Cases
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
After the SGS Cases
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
Treaty Claims v Contract Claims
6.18
6.19
6.20
CMS v Argentina Annulment
6.21
6.22
Summary
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
C Umbrella Clause in Chinese BITs
6.28
The Standard Formulation
6.29
6.30
‘Shall Observe’ v ‘Shall Guarantee the Observance’
6.31
6.33
6.34
6.35
‘Any Obligation/Commitments’ v ‘Commitments’
6.36
‘Entered into’ v ‘Assumed’
6.37
Non-standard Formulations
Narrower Formations
6.38
‘Subject to Local Laws’
6.39
6.40
6.41
‘Written Obligation’
6.42
6.43
‘Specific Commitments’
6.44
‘Approved Contractual Obligation’
6.45
‘Document of Investment Approval’
6.46
‘Whether General or Specific’
Broader Formulations
6.47
‘Private–private commitments’
6.48
6.49
6.50
Interaction with Other Relevant BIT Provisions
‘Preservation of Rights’ Clause
6.51
6.52
6.53
MFN Clause
6.54
6.55
6.56
6.57
Summary
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
D Investment Contracts in China: State or Commercial Contracts?
6.62
Joint Venture Contracts
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
6.70
6.71
Joint Exploitation Contracts
6.72
6.73
6.74
6.75
6.76
6.77
6.78
Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Contracts
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
6.83
6.84
Summary
6.85
6.86
E Implications for Dispute-resolution Planning
6.87
6.88
6.89
6.90
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.95
7 Expropriation and Compensation
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
B Constitution of Expropriation
7.06
Terminology
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
Scope of Application of Expropriation Provision
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
Constitution of Expropriation in Recent Arbitral Practice
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
Types of Expropriation Covered in China’s BITs
7.28
7.29
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
C Conditions for Expropriation
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
Public Interest
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
Due Process
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
Non-discrimination
7.47
7.48
D Compensation for Expropriation
7.49
7.50
7.51
Standard of Compensation
7.52
7.53
7.54
7.55
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.60
7.61
7.62
7.63
Expropriation and MFN
7.64
7.65
7.66
Interest
7.67
7.68
7.69
7.70
7.71
7.72
7.73
7.74
7.75
Currency of Payment
7.76
7.77
7.78
7.79
7.80
7.81
Protection for Foreign Shareholders
7.82
7.83
7.84
7.85
7.86
E Expropriation and Chinese Law
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.90
F Conclusion
7.91
7.92
8 Settlement Of Investor–State Disputes
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
B Arbitration Options
8.06
ICSID Arbitration
8.07
8.08
8.09
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
ICSID Additional Facility
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules
8.19
8.20
8.21
Other Arbitration Institutions
8.22
8.23
8.24
C Jurisdiction
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
Restrictive Dispute-resolution Clauses
8.29
8.30
8.31
Involving the Amount of Compensation for Expropriation
8.32
8.33
8.34
Involving the Amount of Compensation
8.35
Concerning the Amount of Compensation for Expropriation
8.36
Other Restrictive Formulations
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
Application of Restrictive Dispute Provisions
8.41
8.42
8.43
8.44
8.45
‘Other Disputes’ Option
8.46
8.47
8.48
Expansive Investor–State Dispute-resolution Clauses
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
8.54
8.55
D Consent to Arbitration
Form of Consent
8.56
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
Conditional Consent
8.61
8.62
8.63
Scope of Consent
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
8.68
8.69
8.70
8.71
8.72
Article 25(4) Notification
8.73
Limitation Period
8.74
8.75
Waiting or Cooling-off Period
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
Fork-in-the-Road
8.80
8.81
8.82
8.83
8.84
8.85
Qualification of Fork-in-the-Road
8.86
8.87
8.88
8.89
8.90
E Applicability of MFN Clause on Jurisdiction
8.91
8.92
8.93
8.94
8.95
8.96
8.97
8.98
The MFN and Dispute-resolution Provisions
8.99
8.100
8.101
8.102
Recent Jurisprudence on MFN and Restrictive Dispute Provisions
8.103
8.104
8.105
8.106
8.107
8.108
8.109
8.110
8.111
8.112
8.113
8.114
F Applicable Law
8.115
Applicable Law to JV Contracts
8.116
8.117
8.118
Dispute Settlement
8.119
Applicable Law to Joint Exploitation Contracts
8.120
Applicable Law to BOT Contracts
8.121
8.122
8.123
8.124
Dispute Settlement
8.125
Applicable Law in China’s BITs
8.126
8.127
8.128
8.129
ICSID Article 42(1)
8.130
8.131
8.132
8.133
8.134
8.135
8.136
8.137
8.138
8.139
8.140
8.141
8.142
G Exhaustion of Local Remedies
8.143
8.144
8.145
8.146
8.147
8.148
8.149
8.150
8.151
8.152
8.153
H Settlement of Investor–State Disputes under Chinese Law
8.154
Administrative Review
8.155
8.156
8.157
8.158
Administrative Litigation
8.159
8.160
8.161
8.162
Recent Cases
8.163
Beijing Jialilai Case
8.164
8.165
8.166
8.167
Changchun Huijin Case
8.168
8.169
8.170
8.171
Fuzhou Xinyuan Case
8.172
8.173
8.174
I Conclusion
8.175
8.176
8.177
8.178
8.179
9 Conclusions: Towards A New Model Investment Treaty For China
Preliminary Material
A General Assessment of the Existing Chinese Investment Treaties
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
B Towards a New Model Investment Treaty
General Considerations
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
Specific Changes
9.17
Preamble
9.18
9.19
s.I: Definitions and Application
9.20
9.21
‘Investor of a Contracting Party’
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
‘Legal Entity’
9.26
9.27
‘Investment’
9.28
9.29
‘Territory’
9.30
9.31
Scope of Application
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
s.II: Standards of Treatment
9.37
General Standard of Treatment
9.38
9.39
Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
9.40
9.41
National Treatment
9.42
9.43
Admission of Investments
9.44
9.45
Expropriation
9.46
9.47
9.48 Compensation for Losses
Transfer
9.49
9.50
9.51 Subrogation
Non-derogation
9.52
9.53
Exceptions
9.54
9.55
9.56
Corporate Social Responsibility
9.57
9.58
s.III: Investor–State Dispute Settlement
9.59
Application
9.60
9.61
Consultation and Notice of Intent
9.62
9.63
Submission to Arbitration
9.64
9.65
Consent by Contracting Parties
9.66
9.67
Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
9.68
9.69
Consolidation
9.70
9.71
Conduct of the Arbitration
9.72
9.73
Applicable Law
9.74
9.75
Awards and Enforcement
9.76
9.77
s.IV: State–State Dispute Settlement
9.78
Application
9.79
9.80
Consultations and Negotiations
9.81
9.82
Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
9.83
9.84
Conduct of the Arbitration
9.85
9.86
Applicable Law
9.87
9.88
Award
9.89
9.90
Costs
9.91
9.92
s.V: Final Provisions
9.93
Consultation
9.94
9.95
Denial of Benefits
9.96
9.97
Entry into Force, Duration, and Termination
9.98
9.99
C Conclusion
9.100
9.101
Further Material
Appendices
Appendix I List of signed Chinese BITs (as of July 2008)
Appendix II Chinese Model BIT Version I
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of _________________ Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Article 1
1
2
3
Article 2
1
2
Article 3
1
2
3
Article 4
1
2
Article 5
Article 6
1
2
Article 7
Article 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Article 9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Article 10
Article 11
Article 12
1
2
Article 13
1
2
3
4
Appendix III Chinese Model BIT Version II
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of ________ Concerning the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Article 1
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
3
Article 2
1
2
3
Article 3
1
2
3
4
Article 4
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
Article 5
1
2
(a)
(b)
3
Article 6
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
2
Article 7
Article 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Article 9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Article 10
Article 11
Article 12
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
Article 13
1
2
3
4
Appendix IV Chinese Model BIT Version III (Current)
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of _________________ on the Promotion and Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
(a)
(b)
3
Article 2 Promotion and Protection of Investment
1
2
3
4
Article 3 Treatment of Investment
1
2
3
4
(a)
(b)
(c)
Article 4 Expropriation
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
Article 5 Compensation for Damages and Losses
Article 6 Transfer
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
2
3
Article 7 Subrogation
(a)
(b)
Article 8 Settlement of Disputes Between Contracting Parties
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Article 9 Settlement of Disputes Between Investors and One Contracting Party
1
2
(a)
(b)
3
4
Article 10 Other Obligations
1
2
Article 11 Application
Article 12 Consultations
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
Article 13 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1
2
3
4
Appendix V Draft New Model BIT
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of _________________ on the Promotion and Protection of Investments
(Draft New Model)
s.I: Definitions and Application
Article 1 Definitions
1
(a)
(b)
2
3
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
4
5
(a)
(b)
Article 2 Scope of Application
1
2
3
s.II: Standards Of Treatment
Article 3 General Standard of Treatment
1
2
Article 4 Most Favoured Nation Treatment
1
2
(a)
(b)
3
Article 5 National Treatment
1
2
Article 6 Admission of Investments
1
2
Article 7 Expropriation
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
Article 8 Compensation for Losses
Article 9 Transfer
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
3
4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5
Article 10 Subrogation
(a)
(b)
Article 11 Non-Derogation
1
(1)
(2)
(3)
2
(1)
(2)
a)
b)
c)
Article 12 Exceptions
1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2
1)
2)
a)
b)
c)
3)
3
4
5
a)
b)
c)
d)
Article 13 Corporate Social Responsibility
s.III: Settlement of Investor-State Disputes
Article 14 Application
Article 15 Consultation and Notice of Intent
1
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Article 16 Submission to Arbitration
1
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
(a)
(b)
4
5
6
7
Article 17 Consent by Contracting Parties
1
2
Article 18 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
1
2
3
Article 19 Consolidation
Article 20 Conduction of the Arbitration
1
2
3
4
Article 21 Applicable Law
1
2
Article 22 Awards and Enforcement
1
(a)
(b)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
3
4
5
6
7
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
s.IV: State-State Dispute Settlement
Article 23 Application
1
2
(a)
(b)
Article 24 Consultations and Negotiations
1
2
Article 25 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
1
2
3
4
5
Article 26 Conduct of the Arbitration
1
2
3
4
Article 27 Applicable Law
Article 28 Award
1
2
Article 29 Costs
s.V: Final Provisions
Article 30 Consultations
Article 31 Denial of Benefits
Article 32 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1
2
3
4
5
Appendix VI (a) Sweden BIT 1982
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of Sweden on the Mutual Protection of Investments
Article 1
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Article 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 3
(1)
(2)
Article 4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Article 5
Article 6
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Article 7
Article 8
Article 9
(1)
(2)
(3)
Appendix VI (b) UK BIT 1986
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Concerning the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
(1)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
???
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
Article 2 Promotion and Protection of Investment
(1)
(2)
Article 3 Treatment of Investment
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Article 4 Compensation for Losses
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Article 5 Expropriation
(1)
(2)
Article 6 Repatriation of Investments and Returns
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Article 7 Settlement of Disputes between a National or Company and a Host State
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(4)
Article 8 Disputes between the Contracting Parties
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Article 9 Subrogation
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 10 Territorial Extension
Article 11 Entry into Force
Article 12 Duration and Termination
Appendix VI (c) Australia BIT 1988
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of Australia on the Reciprocal Encouragement and Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
1
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
2
3
Article 2 Encouragement and Admission of Investments
1
2
3
4
5
Article 3 Treatment of Investments
(a)
(b)
(c)
Article 4 Entry and Sojourn of Personnel
1
2
Article 5 Settlement of Disputes between Nationals of the Contracting parties
(a)
(b)
(c)
Article 6 Transparency of Laws
(a)
(b)
(c)
Article 7 Limitations on Immunity
Article 8 Expropriation and Nationalisation
1
2
Article 9 War or Armed Conflict
Article 10 Transfers
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
2
3
Article 11 Undertakings Given to Investors
Article 12 Settlement of Disputes between one Contracting Party and a National of the other Contracting Party Relating to Investments
1
2
3
4
5
Article 13 Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties
1
2
Article 14 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1
2
3
4
Appendix A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Appendix B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Appendix VI (d) Japan BIT 1988
Agreement between the People’s Republic of China and Japan Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investment
Article 1
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Article 2
1
2
Article 3
1
2
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Article 4
Article 5
1
2
3
4
5
Article 6
Article 7
Article 8
1
2
Article 9
Article 10
Article 11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Article 12
(1)
(2)
Article 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
Article 14
Article 15
1
2
3
Protocol
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Agreed Minutes
1
2
3
4
Appendix VI (e) Korea BIT 1992
Agreement on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Korea
Article 1
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
Article 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 3
1
2
3
4
(a)
(b)
Article 4
Article 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
Article 6
1
2
3
Article 7
(a)
(b)
Article 8
1
2
Article 9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Article 10
1
2
3
4
5
Article 11
(1)
(2)
Article 12
1
2
Article 13
(1)
(2)
Article 14
1
2
3
Article 15
Article 16
1
2
3
Protocol
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Appendix VI (f) Netherlands BIT 2001
Agreement on Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Article 1 Definitions
1
2
3
4
Article 2 Promotion and Admission of Investments
Article 3 Treatment of Investment
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Article 4 Entry and Sojourn of Personnel
Article 5 Expropriation
1
a)
b)
c)
Article 6 Compensation for damages and losses
Article 7 Repatriation of Investments and Returns
1)
2)
3)
Article 8 Subrogation
Article 9 Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Article 10 Settlement of Disputes between an Investor and a Contracting Party
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Article 11 Consultations
Article 12 Application
Article 13 Transition
1)
2)
Article 14 Application and Termination of the Agreement Concerning the Kingdom of The Netherlands
Article 15 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1)
2)
3)
Protocol
Ad Article 1
Ad Article 3, paragraph 2 and 3
a)
b)
c)
Ad Article 7
1
2
3
4
Ad Article 10
Appendix VI (g) Germany BIT 2003
Agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
1
2
3
Article 2 Promotion and Protection of Investment
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Article 3 Treatment of Investment
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Article 4 Expropriation and Compensation
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 5 Compensation for Damages and Losses
Article 6 Repatriation of Investments and Returns
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(2)
(3)
Article 7 Subrogation
Article 8 Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Article 9 Settlement of Disputes between Investors and one Contracting Party
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Article 10 Other Obligations
(1)
(2)
Article 11 Application
Article 12 Relations between Contracting Parties
Article 13 Consultations
Article 14 Protocol
Article 15 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Article 16 Transition
(1)
(2)
1 Ad Article 1
(a)
(b)
(c)
2 Ad Article 2
3 Ad Article 2 and 3
(a)
(b)
(c)
4 Ad Article 3
(a)
(b)
5 Ad Article 6
(a)
(b)
6 To Article 9
(a)
(b)
(c)
7
Appendix VI (h) Russia BIT 2006
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of the Russian Federation on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
1
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2
3
4
5
6
Article 2 Promotion and Protection of Investment
1
2
3
Article 3 Treatment of Investment
1
2
3
4
5
Article 4 Expropriation
1
2
Article 5 Compensation for Losses
Article 6 Transfer of Payments
1
2
3
Article 7 Subrogation
1
2
Article 8 Settlement of Disputes between Contracting Parties
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Article 9 Settlement of Disputes between One Contracting Party and an Investor of the Other Contracting Party
1
2
a)
b)
c)
3
4
5
Article 10 Other Obligations
Article 11 Application
1
2
Article 12 Consultations
Article 13 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1
2
3
4
5
2. Ad Article 3
3. Ad Article 9
1
2
3
4
Appendix VI (i) Seychelles BIT 2007
Agreement between the Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Govenrment of the Republic of Seychelles on the Reciprocal Promotion And Protection of Investments
Article 1 Definitions
1
2
1)
2)
3
(a)
(b)
4
5
6
Article 2 Scope of the Agreement
Article 3 Promotion and admission of investments
Article 4 Fair and equitable treatment
Article 5 National treatment and most favoured Nation treatment
Article 6 Dispossession and indemnification
1
2
3
Article 7 Free transfer
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Article 8 Settlement of disputes between an investor and a Contracting Party
1
2
a)
b)
3
4
Article 9 Guarantee and subrogation
(a)
(b)
Article 10 Special commitment
Article 11 Settlement of disputes between Contracting Parties
1
2
3
4
5
Article 12 Application
Article 13 Entry into force and termination
Appendix VI (j) Mexico BIT 2008
Agreement between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the United Mexican Statess on the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments
Ch.I General Provisions
Article 1 Definitions
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(j)
(a)
(b)
Article 2 Admission of Investments
Ch.II Protection to Investment
Article 3 National Treatment
1
2
Article 4 Most Favored Nation Treatment
1
2
Article 5 Minimum Standard of Treatment
1
2
Article 6 Compensation for Losses
Article 7 Expropriation and Compensation
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3
Article 8 Transfers
1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
2
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
4
(a)
(b)
(c)
5
Article 9 Subrogation
1
2
Article 10 Exceptions
(a)
(b)
Ch.III Dispute Settlement
s.One: Settlement of Disputes Between a Contracting Party and an Investor of the other Contracting Party
Article 11 Purpose
Article 12 Notice of Intent and Consultation
1
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Article 13 Arbitration: Scope and Standing and Time Periods
1
2
3
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4
(a)
(b)
5
6
7
8
Article 14 Contracting Party Consent
1
2
Article 15 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
1
2
3
Article 16 Consolidation
Article 17 Place of Arbitration
Article 18 Indemnification
Article 19 Applicable Law
1
2
Article 20 Awards and Enforcement of Awards
1
(a)
(b)
2
(a)
(b)
(c)
3
4
5
6
7
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Article 21 Interim Measures of Protection
s.Two: Settlement of Disputes between the Contracting Parties
Article 22 Scope
1
2
(a)
(b)
Article 23 Consultations and Negotiations
1
2
3
Article 24 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
1
2
3
4
5
Article 25 Proceedings
1
2
3
4
Article 26 Award
1
2
Article 27 Applicable Law
Article 28 Costs
Ch.IV Final Provisions
Article 29 Application of the Agreement
Article 30 Consultations
Article 31 Denial of Benefits
Article 32 Entry into Force, Duration and Termination
1
2
3
4
5
Appendix A
Appendix to Article 12, paragraph 2
1
2
3
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Appendix B
Appendix to Article 13 paragraph 1
Appendix C
Appendix to Article 13 paragraph 5
Appendix VI (k) New Zealand Free Trade Agreement 2008, Chapter 11
Free Trade Agreement between the Government of New Zealand and the Government of the People’s Republic of China
Ch.II Investment
s.1: Investment
Article 135 Definitions
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
Article 136 Objectives
a
b
c
Article 137 Scope
1
a
b
2
3
4
5
a
b
6
Article 138 National Treatment
Article 139 Most-favoured-nation Treatment
1
2
3
4
5
a
b
Article 140 Performance Requirements
Article 141 Non-Conforming Measures
1
a
b
c
2
3
Article 142 Transfers
1
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
2
3
a
b
c
d
e
4
a
b
c
d
e
5
6
7
Article 143 Fair and Equitable Treatment
1
2
3
4
5
Article 144 Compensation for Losses
Article 145 Expropriation
1
a
b
c
d
e
2
3
4
a
b
5
Article 146 Transparency
Article 147 Contact Points
Article 148 Subrogation
1
2
Article 149 Denial of Benefits
a
b
Article 150 Committee on Investment
1
2
a
b
c
Article 151 Promotion and Facilitation of Investment
a
b
s.2: Investor – State Dispute Settlement
Article 152 Consultation and Negotiation
Article 153 Consent to Submission of a Claim
1
a
b
2
3
4
5
Article 154 Admissibility of Claims and Preliminary Objections
1
2
3
4
Article 155 Interpretation of Agreement
1
2
Article 156 Consolidation of Claims
Article 157 Publication of Information and Documents Relating to Arbitral Proceedings
1
2
Article 158 Awards
1
a
b
2
3
4
5
6
Appendix VII ICSID Convention
Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of other States
Preamble
The Contracting States
Ch.I International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
s.1 Establishment and Organization
Article 1
(1)
(2)
Article 2
Article 3
s.2 The Administrative Council
Article 4
(1)
(2)
Article 5
Article 6
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(2)
(3)
Article 7
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Article 8
s.3 The Secretariat
Article 9
Article 10
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 11
s.4 The Panels
Article 12
Article 13
(1)
(2)
Article 14
(1)
(2)
Article 15
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 16
(1)
(2)
(3)
s.5 Financing the Centre
Article 17
s.6 Status, Immunities and Privileges
Article 18
(a)
(b)
(c)
Article 19
Article 20
Article 21
(a)
(b)
Article 22
Article 23
(1)
(2)
Article 24
(1)
(2)
(3)
Ch.II Jurisdiction of the Centre
Article 25
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
Article 26
Article 27
(1)
(2)
Ch.III Conciliation
s.1 Request for Conciliation
Article 28
(1)
(2)
(3)
s.2 Constitution of the Conciliation Commission
Article 29
(1)
(2)
(b)
Article 30
Article 31
(1)
(2)
s.3 Conciliation Proceedings
Article 32
(1)
(2)
Article 33
Article 34
(1)
(2)
Article 35
Ch.IV Arbitration
s.1 Request for Arbitration
Article 36
(1)
(2)
(3)
s.2 Constitution of the Tribunal
Article 37
(1)
(2)
(b)
Article 38
Article 39
Article 40
(1)
(2)
s.3 Powers and Functions of the Tribunal
Article 41
(1)
(2)
Article 42
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 43
(a)
(b)
Article 44
Article 45
(1)
(2)
Article 46
Article 47
s.4 The Award
Article 48
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Article 49
(1)
(2)
s.5 Interpretation, Revision and Annulment of the Award
Article 50
(1)
(2)
Article 51
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Article 52
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
s.6 Recognition and Enforcement of the Award
Article 53
(1)
(2)
Article 54
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 55
Ch.V Replacement and Disqualification of Conciliators and Arbitrators
Article 56
(1)
(2)
(3)
Article 57
Article 58
Ch.VI Cost of Proceedings
Article 59
Article 60
(1)
(2)
Article 61
(1)
(2)
Ch.VII Place of Proceedings
Article 62
Article 63
(a)
(b)
Ch.VIII Disputes Between Contracting States
Article 64
Ch.IX Amendment
Article 65
Article 66
(1)
(2)
Ch.X Final Provisions
Article 67
Article 68
(1)
(2)
Article 69
Article 70
Article 71
Article 72
Article 73
Article 74
Article 75
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Appendix VIII China’s Notification of Class of Dispute to the ICSID
China’s Notifications Concerning Classes of Disputes Considered Suitable or Unsuitable for Submission to the Centre
I Books and Articles
II Principal Web-Based Sources
Index
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Appendix VI (k) New Zealand Free Trade Agreement 2008, Chapter 11
From:
Chinese Investment Treaties: Policies and Practice
Norah Gallagher, Wenhua Shan
Content type:
Book content
Product:
International Commercial Arbitration [ICMA]
Series:
Oxford International Arbitration Series
Published in print:
26 March 2009
ISBN:
9780199230259
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