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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Foreword
Contents
Table of Cases
Table of Arbitral Awards
Ad Hoc Arbitration
American Arbitration Association (AAA) International Centre for Dispute Resolution
Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and to the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic
Bank for International Settlements Arbitral Tribunal
Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration
Center for Mediation and Arbitration of Paris (CMAP)
Germany
Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC)
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
Iran-United States Claims Tribunal
London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
Mixed Claims Commission United States-Venezuela
Netherlands Arbitration Institute
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
Stockholm Chamber of Commerce
UNCITRAL
US-Mexico General Claims Commission
US-Venezuela Mixed Claims Commission
Table of National Cases
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Bermuda
Canada
Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC)
European Court of Human Rights
European Court of Justice
France
Germany
Hong Kong
India
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Italy
Netherlands
Permanent Court of International Justice
Philippines
Russia
Singapore
Switzerland
Syria
United Kingdom
United States
WTO system
Zimbabwe
Table of Legislation
Table of International Instruments
Table of Arbitration Rules
American Arbitration Association (AAA)
Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce
China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC)
Dubai International Arbitration Centre
Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC)
International Arbitration Rules for Switzerland
International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR)
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (JCAA)
London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI)
Panel of Recognized International Market Experts in Finance (P.R.I.M.E)
Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC)
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL)
Table of National Legislation
Belgium
Canada
Egypt
France
Germany
Hong Kong
Japan
Lebanon
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Peru
Poland
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Table of European Secondary Legislation
Directives
Regulations
Biographies
Editors
Contributors
Main Text
1 The Modern Role of Arbitration in Banking and Finance
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
II Changing Landscape
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
III Legacy Views
1.22
1.23
1.24
IV Globalization and Standardization
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
V Overarching Concerns: Competence and Enforceability
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
VI Conclusions
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
2 Arbitral Institutions
Preliminary Material
2.01
2.02
I Selected International Arbitral Institutions and Rules
A Panel of Recognized International Market Experts in Finance (P.R.I.M.E. Finance)
2.03
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.04
2.05
2.06
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.07
2.08
2.09
3 Confidentiality
2.10
2.11
2.12
4 Costs
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
B International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
2.18
2.19
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
3 Confidentiality
2.35
2.36
2.37
4 Costs
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
C The London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
2.43
2.44
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
3 Confidentiality
2.55
2.56
4 Costs
2.57
2.58
2.59
D International Centre for Dispute Resolution of the American Arbitration Association (ICDR)
2.60
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
3 Confidentiality
2.72
2.73
2.74
4 Costs
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
5 AAA Rules for Commercial Financial Disputes
2.82
E International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.95
2.96
2.97
3 Confidentiality
2.98
2.99
4 Costs
2.100
2.101
II Selected Regional Arbitral Institutions
2.102
A The Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC)
2.103
2.104
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.105
2.106
2.107
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.108
2.109
2.110
2.111
3 Confidentiality
2.112
4 Costs
2.113
2.114
2.115
2.116
5 Seat of the Arbitration
2.117
2.118
2.119
B The Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC)
2.120
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.121
2.122
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.123
3 Confidentiality
2.124
4 Costs
2.125
2.126
2.127
2.128
2.129
5 HKIAC Securities Arbitration Rules
2.130
C Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC)
2.131
1 Constitution of the Tribunal
2.132
2.133
2.134
2 Speed and Efficiency of the Proceeding
2.135
2.136
2.137
3 Confidentiality
2.138
4 Costs
2.139
2.140
2.141
5 SIAC Derivative Trading and Derivative Clearing Transactions Rules
2.142
2.143
2.144
III Conclusion
2.145
3 Alternative Dispute Resolution
Preliminary Material
I Scope of Chapter
3.01
3.02
3.03
II Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation
3.04
3.05
A Mediation’s Place in the Dispute Resolution Universe
3.06
3.07
B International Experience
3.08
3.09
3.10
C Mediation as Complementary Discipline
3.11
III Mediation and Financial Services Disputes
3.12
A Private Law and Regulatory
3.13
B Cost
3.14
C Risk and Uncertainty
3.15
D Agreed Outcomes can Include Solutions not Available in Litigation or Arbitration
3.16
E Privacy
3.17
3.18
F Disadvantages of Mediation
3.19
IV Practical Guidance, What, When, and How
3.20
3.21
3.22
A When
3.23
B Initiating a Mediation
3.24
C Choosing a Mediator
3.25
D Mediation Agreements
3.26
E Usual Steps
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
V Other Forms of Non-adjudicative Settlement
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
VI Enforcement
3.38
VII Conclusions
3.39
4 Overview of Derivative Financial Products
Preliminary Material
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
4.38
4.39
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
Appendix A Certain transactions under the ISDA master agreements
(Source: International Swaps and Derivatives Association)
5 Financial Products as Investments under Bilateral Investment Treaties and Other Multilateral Instruments with Consents to Arbitration
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
5.01
5.02
II Consent to Arbitration in Investment Treaties
5.03
A Consent for Purposes of Bilateral and Multilateral Investment Treaties
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
B Consent Requirements Under ICSID
5.08
5.09
5.10
III Defining a Qualifying Investment Generally
5.11
A Definitions Under Investment Treaties
5.12
5.13
5.14
B Qualifying as an Investment Under ICSID
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
IV Financial Products as Qualifying Investments
5.25
5.26
5.27
A The Existence of an Investment
5.28
5.29
5.30
1 Debt Instruments
a Early Cases: Loans
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
b The Argentine Cases: Sovereign Debt
5.49
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.67
5.68
2 Derivatives
5.69
5.70
5.71
5.72
5.73
5.74
5.75
5.76
5.77
5.78
5.79
5.80
5.81
5.82
5.83
5.84
B Made in the Territory of the Host State
5.85
5.86
5.87
5.88
5.89
5.90
5.91
5.92
5.93
5.94
C Made by the Investor
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.98
5.99
5.100
V Conclusion
5.101
5.102
5.103
6 Arbitration Clauses for International Financial Disputes
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
6.01
6.02
A General Notions re Drafting Arbitration Clauses
6.03
B Model Arbitration Clauses of Reputable Arbitration Institutes
6.04
1 The UNCITRAL Model Clause
6.05
2 The American Arbitration Association
6.06
6.07
3 The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission
6.08
4 The City Disputes Panel
6.09
5 The European Centre for Financial Dispute Resolution
6.10
C The Panel of Recognized International Market Experts in Finance
6.11
D IBA Guidelines for Drafting International Arbitration Clauses
6.12
E ISDA’s Model Arbitration Clauses
6.13
II Description of the Legal Relationship to which the Arbitration Clause Relates
6.14
6.15
6.16
A Cf, inter alia, the P.R.I.M.E. Finance Arbitration Clauses in the Amendments to the 1992 and 2002 ISDA Master Agreements
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
III Parties
A Multi-party
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
B Multi-contract
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
C Mass Claims
6.35
IV Place of Arbitration
6.36
6.37
V Choice of Law as to the Applicable Substantive Law
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
VI Number and Appointment of Arbitrators
A Number of Arbitrators
6.42
B Appointment of Arbitrators
6.43
VII Decision Standard
6.44
A Rules of Law
6.45
B Amiable Compositeur
6.46
C Choice of Law
6.47
VIII Language of the Proceedings
6.48
6.49
6.50
IX Confidentiality
6.51
X Waivers
6.52
6.53
XI Arbitrability
6.54
6.55
XII Conclusion
6.56
7 The Applicable Law in International Financial Disputes
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
A The Challenges Concerning the Applicable Law in International Financial Transactions
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
B The Powers of International Arbitrators, the Delocalization Issue, the Emergence of a Transnational Commercial and Financial Legal Order and Its Meaning for International Arbitration and the Applicable Law
7.17
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
C The Operation of Transnational Private Law: the Modern Lex Mercatoria and Competing Public Policy
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
7.30
7.31
II Building-blocks of Private Law in International Finance
A Assignments
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.39
B Set-off and Netting
7.40
7.41
7.42
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
7.47
7.48
7.49
7.50
7.51
7.52
C Secured Transactions, Finance Sales, and Related Structures
7.53
7.54
7.55
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.60
7.61
7.62
7.63
7.64
7.65
7.66
7.67
7.68
7.69
7.70
D Investment Securities and their Modern Holding in Electronic Entitlement Systems
7.71
7.72
7.73
7.74
7.75
7.76
7.77
7.78
E Segregation and Priority: Constructive Trusts
7.79
7.80
7.81
7.82
7.83
7.84
7.85
F Transactional and Payment Finality
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.91
7.92
G How Do We Transfer an International Commercial/Cash-Flow and the Ranking of Proprietary Interest Holders Transnationally?
7.93
7.94
III Public Policy Concerning Financial Instruments: Remedies
A Public Interest in Financial Products
7.95
7.96
7.97
7.98
7.99
7.100
7.101
7.102
7.103
7.104
7.105
B Conflicts of Public Policy: The Jurisdiction to Prescribe, International Minimum Standards and the Spokespersons Function in Respect of the Public Interest
7.106
7.107
7.108
7.109
7.110
7.111
7.112
7.113
C The Impact of Insolvency Laws
7.114
7.115
7.116
7.117
7.118
7.119
7.120
7.121
7.122
IV The Applicable Law Clause in the P.R.I.M.E. Finance Arbitration Rules
7.123
7.124
V Conclusion
7.125
7.126
7.127
7.128
8 Theories of Liability and Responsibility
Preliminary Material
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
I Investment Treaties and Financial Disputes: Three General Observations
8.09
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
II The Protection Against Unlawful Expropriation
8.19
8.20
A Acts of Expropriation
8.21
1 Direct, Indirect, and Creeping Expropriation
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
2 Decisions Addressing Whether Expropriation Has Occurred
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
B Lawfulness or Unlawfulness of Expropriation
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
III Prohibitions of Discrimination
8.41
8.42
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
A National Treatment
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
B Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
8.54
8.55
8.56
8.57
8.58
C Free-Standing Prohibitions of Discrimination
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
IV The Guarantee of Fair and Equitable Treatment
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
A The FET Standard and the International Minimum Standard
8.68
8.69
8.70
8.71
8.72
8.73
8.74
B Application of the FET Standard in Financial Disputes
8.75
8.76
8.77
8.78
8.79
8.80
8.81
V The Guarantee of Full Protection and Security
8.82
8.83
8.84
8.85
8.86
8.87
VI The Guarantee of Observance of Undertakings or the ‘Umbrella Clause’
8.88
A The Scope of Umbrella Clauses
8.89
8.90
8.91
8.92
8.93
8.94
8.95
8.96
B Application of Umbrella Clauses in Financial Disputes
8.97
8.98
8.99
VII The Guarantee of Free Transfer of Funds
8.100
8.101
8.102
8.103
VIII Applicable Defences and Exceptions
8.104
A Defences Under Customary International Law
8.105
8.106
8.107
8.108
8.109
8.110
8.111
8.112
8.113
B Defences Based on Treaty Provisions
8.114
8.115
8.116
8.117
1 Prudential Measures
8.118
8.119
8.120
8.121
2 Public Order and Essential Security Interests
8.122
8.123
8.124
8.125
IX Conclusion
8.126
8.127
8.128
9 Practical Issues Specific to Arbitrations Containing Financial Products
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
9.01
9.02
9.03
II The Tribunal
A Financial Institutions’ Expectations
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
B Ensuring a Knowledgeable Tribunal
9.11
9.12
1 Choosing the right institution
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
9.19
2 Specific provisions in the arbitration agreement
9.20
9.21
9.22
3 Nominating the right arbitrator
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
III Jurisdiction
9.29
9.30
A The Scope of the Arbitration Agreement
9.31
B The Validity and Effectiveness of the Arbitration Agreement
9.32
1 An unclear submission to arbitration
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
2 Incorporation by reference
9.38
9.39
9.40
9.41
9.42
3 Formal requirements for the validity of an arbitration agreement
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
9.48
C The Arbitrability of Financial Disputes
9.49
9.50
9.51
9.52
9.53
1 Claims based on breaches of securities laws
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
9.58
9.59
2 Claims connected with insolvency
9.60
9.61
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
9.67
9.68
9.69
9.70
9.71
3 Claims involving consumers
9.72
9.73
9.74
9.75
9.76
IV Case Management Issues
9.77
A Optional Arbitration Clauses
9.78
1 Whether to use an optional arbitration clause
9.79
9.80
9.81
9.82
9.83
2 When to exercise an optional arbitration clause
9.84
B Consolidation of Proceedings
9.85
9.86
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90
9.91
9.92
9.93
9.94
9.95
C Joinder and Intervention
9.96
9.97
9.98
9.99
9.100
9.101
9.102
9.103
9.104
D Accelerating the Arbitration
9.105
9.106
9.107
1 Default awards
9.108
9.109
2 Summary disposition
9.110
9.111
9.112
9.113
9.114
9.115
9.116
9.117
3 Other ways to accelerate arbitration proceedings
9.118
9.119
9.120
9.121
9.122
9.123
9.124
9.125
9.126
9.127
4 Expedited formation of the arbitral tribunal under the LCIA Rules
9.128
V Evidence
A Disclosure of Documents
9.129
9.130
9.131
9.132
9.133
9.134
9.135
9.136
9.137
B Expert Evidence
9.138
9.139
9.140
9.141
VI Challenges to Enforcement
9.142
9.143
9.144
9.145
10 The Particular Role of Experts in Arbitrating International Financial Disputes
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
10.06
10.07
10.08
10.09
10.10
10.11
10.12
II The Challenge for International Financial Disputes
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
III The Issues for International Arbitration
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
IV Conclusion: Another Call for Innovation
10.26
10.27
10.28
11 Evidentiary Standards in Financial Arbitrations
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
II Evidentiary Standards of Particular Interest
A Preliminary Considerations
11.05
1 Certainty
11.06
2 The boundaries of disclosure
11.07
3 Efficiency
11.08
11.09
4 Expertise of arbitrators
11.10
5 Legal professional privilege
11.11
B Confidentiality of Banking Documents
1 Introductory
11.12
11.13
11.14
2 Relevant instruments
a National arbitration legislation
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
b IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration 2010
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
c Banking confidentiality and banking secrecy: banking confidentiality in general
11.27
11.28
d Banking confidentiality, courts, and arbitral tribunals
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.33
11.34
e Confidentiality and enforcement
11.35
f How to deal with confidentiality objections
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.40
C Privilege
1 Introductory
11.41
11.42
2 Legal professional privilege and financial institutions
11.43
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
3 Relevant instruments
a National arbitration legislation
11.48
b Institutional rules
11.49
11.50
11.51
c IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration 2010
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
4 Choice of law
11.56
a Closest connection test
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
b Cumulative approach
11.61
11.62
11.63
c Approach based on equal treatment and legitimate expectations of parties
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
11.68
d Harmonized rules on privilege?
11.69
11.70
5 In-house lawyers
11.71
a The Bank for International Settlements decision
11.72
11.73
11.74
11.75
b Different perspectives on the position of in-house counsel
11.76
11.77
11.78
III Evidentiary Rules of Current Regimes
A Rules on Evidence In General
11.79
11.80
11.81
B IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration 2010
1 Introductory
11.82
11.83
11.84
11.85
2 A compromise between common and civil law traditions
11.86
11.87
11.88
11.89
3 An assessment of the IBA Rules
11.90
11.91
11.92
11.93
11.94
4 Supplementary guidance
11.95
11.96
11.97
C P.R.I.M.E. Finance Arbitration Rules 2012
1 Introductory
11.98
11.99
11.100
2 Evidence-taking under P.R.I.M.E. Rules
11.101
11.102
11.103
11.104
11.105
IV New Areas of Challenge
A An Increasingly Complex Environment
11.106
11.107
11.108
11.109
B Multiple Claims Against Banks
1 Introductory
11.110
11.111
11.112
2 Joinder, intervention, and class actions
11.113
11.114
3 Evidence procedures in arbitrations involving multiple claims
11.115
11.116
11.117
11.118
V Conclusions
11.119
12 Remedies—Interim Measures
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
12.09
12.10
II The Power of a Tribunal to Grant Interim Relief
12.11
A Possible Sources of Power to Grant Interim Relief
12.12
1 International conventions
12.13
12.14
2 Applicable national laws
12.15
3 Arbitration Agreement
12.16
12.17
12.18
B Choice of Law Governing Power to Grant Interim Relief
12.19
C Limitations on the Tribunal’s Power to Grant Interim Relief
12.20
1 Third parties
12.21
2 Enforcement
12.22
3 Constitution of the tribunal
12.23
12.24
III The Standards Applicable to the Grant of Interim Relief
12.25
12.26
12.27
12.28
12.29
12.30
12.31
12.32
13 Remedies—Injunctive Relief
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
13.01
13.02
II Anti-suit Injunctions
13.03
13.04
13.05
13.06
13.07
13.08
13.09
13.10
III Jurisdictional Basis in England
13.11
13.12
13.13
IV When an Anti-suit Injunction will be Granted
13.14
13.15
13.16
13.17
A Third Parties
13.18
B Freezing Injunctions
13.19
13.20
13.21
13.22
13.23
13.24
13.25
13.26
13.27
13.28
13.29
14 Remedies—Damages
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
14.01
14.02
14.03
14.04
14.05
II The Award of Damages in International Financial Disputes
A Damages as a Remedy
14.06
14.07
B Damages In Disputes Concerning Complex International Financial Transactions
14.08
III Legal Aspects of Damages Determinations
A Determining Applicable Law
14.09
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
B Rules and Principles Under Applicable Laws
14.14
1 National or Municipal Law
a In general
14.15
14.16
b Enforcement of contractually specified payment obligations
14.17
14.18
c Typical rules in common law jurisdictions
14.19
14.20
14.21
14.22
14.23
d Typical rules in civil law jurisdictions
14.24
14.25
14.26
14.27
2 International Law
14.28
14.29
14.30
14.31
14.32
14.33
3 Shari’a Law
a In general
14.34
14.35
14.36
b Damages Determinations
14.37
14.38
14.39
4 Lex Mercatoria
a In general
14.40
14.41
14.42
b Damages determinations
14.43
IV Quantum Aspects of Damages Determinations for International Financial Disputes
14.44
A Calculations Under National Law
1 Calculations Under Contractually Specified Damages Provisions
14.45
14.46
14.47
2 Calculations Generally Under National Law
14.48
14.49
14.50
14.51
14.52
14.53
B Calculations Under International Law
14.54
14.55
C Calculations Under Shari’a Law
14.56
14.57
D Calculations Under Lex Mercatoria
14.58
V Currency
14.59
14.60
14.61
14.62
14.63
14.64
VI Interest
14.65
14.66
14.67
14.68
14.69
14.70
VII Conclusion
14.71
15 Enforcement
Preliminary Material
I Introduction
15.01
15.02
15.03
15.04
A Recognition and Enforcement
15.05
15.06
II The New York Convention
15.07
15.08
15.09
15.10
A ‘Arbitral Award’
15.11
15.12
15.13
15.14
B ‘Awards’ vs ‘Orders’
15.15
15.16
15.17
15.18
15.19
15.20
15.21
15.22
C Orders Granting Interim Relief
15.23
15.24
15.25
15.26
15.27
15.28
15.29
D ‘Commercial’ Disputes
15.30
15.31
15.32
15.33
E ‘Foreign’ Awards
15.34
15.35
15.36
F Proving the Award
15.37
1 Formalities under the New York Convention
15.38
15.39
2 National legislation
15.40
15.41
15.42
15.43
G Procedures for Obtaining the Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards
15.44
15.45
15.46
1 London
15.47
15.48
15.49
15.50
2 New York
15.51
15.52
15.53
3 Hong Kong
15.54
15.55
III The Presumptive Validity of International Arbitral Awards
15.56
15.57
15.58
15.59
15.60
15.61
15.62
A Grounds for Refusing the Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards
15.63
15.64
15.65
15.66
15.67
15.68
15.69
15.70
15.71
15.72
15.73
1 Article V(1)(a): Incapacity of a Party or Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement
15.74
15.75
15.76
15.77
15.78
15.79
15.80
2 Article V(1)(b): Lack of Due Process
15.81
15.82
15.83
15.84
15.85
15.86
15.87
15.88
15.89
15.90
3 Article V(1)©: Jurisdictional Issues
15.91
15.92
15.93
15.94
15.95
15.96
15.97
15.98
4 Article V(1)(d): Improper Arbitral Procedure or Composition of the Tribunal
15.99
15.100
15.101
15.102
15.103
15.104
15.105
5 Article V(1)(e): The Award is not yet binding or has been set aside or suspended by a Court
15.106
15.107
15.108
15.109
15.110
15.111
15.112
15.113
15.114
15.115
15.116
6 Article V(2)(a): Non-Arbitrability
15.117
15.118
15.119
15.120
15.121
15.122
7 Article V(2)(b): Public Policy
15.123
15.124
15.125
15.126
15.127
15.128
15.129
B Suspension of Enforcement Proceedings Pending Resolution of Application to Annul Award
15.130
15.131
15.132
15.133
15.134
15.135
15.136
15.137
15.138
C Enforcement of ICSID Awards
15.139
15.140
15.141
15.142
15.143
15.144
1 Article 53
15.145
15.146
15.147
2 Article 54
15.148
15.149
3 Article 55
15.150
15.151
15.152
15.153
15.154
4 The procedure to obtain recognition and enforcement
15.155
15.156
15.157
15.158
15.159
D The Panama Convention: A Brief Overview
15.160
15.161
15.162
15.163
15.164
15.165
15.166
E The Geneva Convention: A Brief Overview
15.167
15.168
15.169
15.170
15.171
15.172
1 Asset Tracking
15.173
15.174
15.175
15.176
15.177
15.178
F Concluding Remarks
15.179
15.180
15.181
Further Material
Index
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Table of Cases
Edited By: Jeffrey Golden, Carolyn Lamm
From:
International Financial Disputes: Arbitration and Mediation
Edited By: Jeffrey Golden, Carolyn Lamm
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Financial Law [FBL]
Published in print:
01 March 2015
ISBN:
9780199687862
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44.192.92.49