Part III Reception of Foreign Collective Redress and Punitive Damages Decision in National Jurisdictions, 15 Foreign Punitive Damages Decisions and Class Actions in Italy

15.01 Within the United States, the district courts’ obligations at the certification stage of a class action are fuelled by a good dose of legal pragmatism. A well-established principle in civil procedure invites these courts in diversity jurisdiction—at the certification stage of any transnational class action—to verify whether there exists a possibility that any final judgment rendered will not be recognized or enforced in a class member’s jurisdiction of origin, or in the country where most or all of the defendant’s assets are located.1 If, on the basis of...