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- Preliminary Material
- Dedication
- Preface
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- List of Abbreviations
- List of Country Codes
- Table of Cases
- Argentina
- Australia
- Austria
- Bahrain
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belize
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Canada
- Chile
- China
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Czech Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- England
- Egypt
- European Court of Justice
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Georgia
- Guatemala
- India
- Indonesia
- Ireland
- Israel
- Italy
- Hong Kong
- Iraq
- Japan
- Kenya
- Kuwait
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Morocco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Nigeria
- Northern Ireland
- Ohada
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Poland
- Portugal
- Qatar
- Romania
- Russia
- Saudi Arabia
- Scotland
- Singapore
- Slovenia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syria
- Tanzania
- Ukraine
- United Arab Emirates
- United States
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Table of Legislation
- Alphabetical List of Countries
- Afghanistan (AFG)
- Albania (ALB)
- Algeria (DZA)
- Angola (AGO)
- Argentina (ARG)
- Armenia (ARM)
- Australia (AUS)
- Australian Capital Territory
- New South Wales
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
- Austria (AUT)
- Azerbaijan (AZE)
- Bahrain (BHR)
- Belarus (BLR)
- Belgium (BEL)
- Benin (BEN)
- Bolivia (BOL)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)
- Brazil (BRA)
- Bulgaria
- Burkina Faso (BFA)
- Cambodia (KHM)
- Cameroon (CMR)
- Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Northwest Territories
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Quebec
- Saskatchewan
- Yukon Territory
- Cape Verde (CPV)
- Central African Republic (CAF)
- Chad (TCD)
- Chile (CHL)
- China (CHN)
- Colombia (COL)
- Comoros (COM)
- Congo (COG)
- Costa Rica (CRI)
- Côte D’Ivoire (CIV)
- Croatia (HRV)
- Cuba (CUB)
- Czech Republic (CZE)
- Denmark (DNK)
- Dominican Republic (DOM)
- Ecuador (ECU)
- Egypt (EGY)
- El Salvador (SLV)
- England (ENG)
- Estonia (EST)
- Ethiopia (ETH)
- Finland (FIN)
- France (FRA)
- Gabon (GAB)
- Georgia (GEO)
- Germany (DEU)
- Ghana (GHA)
- Greece (GRC)
- Guatemala (GTM)
- Guernsey
- Guinea (GIN)
- Honduras (HND)
- Hong Kong (HKG)
- Hungary (HUN)
- Iceland (ISL)
- India (IND)
- Indonesia (IDN)
- Iran (IRN)
- Iraq (IRQ)
- Ireland (IRL)
- Israel (ISR)
- Italy (ITA)
- Japan (JPN)
- Jersey
- Jordan (JOR)
- Kazakhstan (KAZ)
- Kenya (KEN)
- Korea (KOR)
- Kuwait (KWT)
- Kyrgyzstan (KGZ)
- Laos (LAO)
- Latvia (LVA)
- Lebanon (LBN)
- Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (LBY)
- Lithuania (LTU)
- Luxembourg (LUX)
- Macau (MAC)
- Madagascar (MDG)
- Malawi (MWI)
- Malaysia (MYS)
- Mali (MLI)
- Mauritania (MRT)
- Mexico (MEX)
- Moldova, Republic of (MDA)
- Monaco (MON)
- Mongolia (MNG)
- Morocco (MAR)
- Mozambique (MOZ)
- Netherlands (NLD)
- New Zealand (NZL)
- Nicaragua (NIC)
- Niger (NER)
- Nigeria (NGA)
- North Macedonia
- Northern Ireland
- Norway (NOR)
- Oman (OMN)
- Pakistan (PAK)
- Panama (PAN)
- Papua New Guinea (PNG)
- Paraguay (PRY)
- Peru (PER)
- Philippines (PHL)
- Poland (POL)
- Portugal (PRT)
- Prussia
- Qatar (QAT)
- Romania (ROM)
- Russia (RUS)
- Sao Tome and Principe (STP)
- Saudi Arabia (SAU)
- Scotland (SCO)
- Senegal (SEN)
- Serbia (SRB)
- Shar’ia Al Majalla Al Ahkam Al Addliyah
- Singapore (SGP)
- Slovakia (SVK)
- Slovenia (SVN)
- South Africa (ZAF)
- Spain (ESP)
- Sweden (SWE)
- Switzerland (CHE)
- Syrian Arab Republic (SYR)
- Taiwan, Province of China (TWN)
- Tajikistan (TJK)
- Tanzania, United Republic of (TZA)
- Thailand (THA)
- Togo (TGO)
- Tunisia (TUN)
- Turkey (TUR)
- Turkmenistan (TKM)
- Uganda (UGA)
- Ukraine (UKR)
- United Arab Emirates (ARE)
- United States (USA)
- Alabama (AL)
- California (CA)
- Colorado (CO)
- Delaware (DE)
- Illinois (IL)
- New York (NY)
- Louisiana (LA)
- Maryland (MD)
- Pennsylvania (PA)
- South Carolina (SC)
- Virginia (VA)
- Uruguay (URY)
- Uzbekistan (UZB)
- Venezuela (VEN)
- Vietnam (VNM)
- Wales (WAL)
- Yemen (YEM)
- Zambia (ZMB)
- Zimbabwe (ZWE)
- European Conventions, Legislation and Treaties
- Alphabetical List of Countries
- Main Text
- 1 Introduction
- Part I Sales Law: Development and Modern Practice
- 2 Development of Domestic Sales Laws
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Roman Law
- C Common Law
- D Continental Europe
- E Ibero-American Legal Systems
- F African Legal Systems
- G Middle Eastern and Arab Countries
- H Eastern Europe and Central Asia
- I East Asia
- 3 Uniform Laws and Projects
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Uniform Law
- C Uniform Projects
- D Unified Trade Terms and Trade Practice
- E Lex Mercatoria
- F The Body of International Sales Law
- 4 Contract and the Law
- 5 Modern Practice of International Sales Law
- 2 Development of Domestic Sales Laws
- Part II Ambit of Sales Law
- 6 General Remarks on the Ambit of Sales Law
- 7 The Concept of Goods
- 8 Identifying the Boundaries of a Sales Contract
- Part III Formation of the Contract
- 9 General Remarks on Contract Formation
- 10 Offer and Acceptance
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Offer
- C Acceptance
- D Modern Forms of Contract Conclusion
- E Language Problems
- F Burden and Standard of Proof
- 11 Electronic Communications
- 12 Standard Terms
- 13 Agency
- Preliminary Material
- A General Remarks on Agency
- B Authority
- C Disclosed and Undisclosed Agency
- D Liability of the Agent
- 14 Modification of Contract
- Part IV Validity
- 15 General Remarks on Validity
- 16 Capacity to Contract
- 17 Mistake and Error
- Preliminary Material
- A General Remarks
- B Conceptual Underpinnings
- C Characteristics of Relevant Mistakes
- D Mistake as to Identity
- E Error of Expression
- F Mistake as to Subject Matter or Circumstances
- G Relationship to Sale of Goods Remedies
- 18 Fraud and Duress
- 19 Consequences of Mistake, Fraud, and Duress
- 20 Illegality and Immorality
- Preliminary Material
- A General Remarks
- B Approaches to Illegality and Immorality
- C Constellations Involving Illegality or Immorality
- D Consequences of a Contract Contrary to Law
- 21 Excessive Benefits and Unfair Advantages
- 22 Form Requirements
- Part V Pre-Contractual Liability
- Part VI Construction of Contract
- 26 Interpretation and Supplementation
- 27 Practices and Usages
- Part VII Obligations of the Seller
- 28 General Remarks on Seller’s Obligations
- 29 Delivery
- 30 Documents and Costs
- 31 Conformity of the Goods
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Contractual Requirements
- C Default Requirements
- D Immaterial Discrepancies
- E Buyer’s Knowledge of the Non-Conformity at Contract Conclusion
- F Time of Non-Conformity
- G Burden of Proof
- 32 Third Party Property Rights
- 33 Industrial and Intellectual Property Rights
- 34 Examination and Notice
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Examination
- C Notice
- D Consequences
- Part VIII Obligations of the Buyer
- 35 General Remarks on Buyer’s Obligations
- 36 Payment
- 37 Taking Delivery
- Part IX Passing of Risk
- Part X Transfer of Title
- 39 Transfer of Title
- 40 Transfer of Title by a Non-Owner
- Part XI Remedies for Breach of Contract
- 41 General Remarks about Remedies
- 42 Suspension of Performance
- 43 Specific Performance
- 44 Damages
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Causation
- C Fault and Foreseeability
- D Form of Compensation
- E Categorization of Losses
- F Extent of Damages
- G Methods of Calculation
- H Mitigation
- I Contract Stipulations
- J Proof
- 45 Exemption
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Impediments
- C Hardship
- D Obligee’s Behaviour
- 46 Interest
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Contractual Stipulations
- C Default Provisions
- D Interest and Damages
- 47 Avoidance
- Preliminary Material
- A General
- B Grounds for Avoidance
- I General
- II Cause-Oriented Approach
- III Unitarian Approach
- IV Specific Cases
- C Loss of Right to Avoid
- D Mechanisms for Avoidance
- 48 Price Reduction
- 49 Concurrent Remedies
- Part XII Unwinding of the Contract
- Part XIII Limitation of Actions
- Further Material
- [44.192.79.149]
- 44.192.79.149
