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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Foreword
Series Editors’ Preface
Preface
Contents
Table of Cases
ICJ
ICTY
CJEU
ECtHR
Aden
Australia
Canada
Denmark
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
South Africa
UK
Ukraine
US
Table of Legislation
Treaties
UN General Assembly Resolutions
UN Security Council Resolutions
EU Regulations
Afghanistan
Argentina
Australia
Canada
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Kosovo
Singapore
South Africa
UK Statutes
UK Statutory Instruments
UK Bills
United States
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
Part I Introduction
1 Introduction
Preliminary Material
1 Scope: Private International Law Aspects of Tortious Claims Arising out of the External Exercise of British Executive Authority
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
2 Relationship with the Existing Scholarship
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
3 Arguments
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
4 Outline of the Book
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
Part II Jurisdiction of Courts and Acts of State
Preliminary Material
II.01
II.02
II.03
II.04
II.05
II.06
II.07
II.08
II.09
2 Crown Acts of State
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2 Foreign Relations Powers and Crown Acts of State
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
3 Indirect Interference with Individual Rights and Interests by the External Exercise of British Executive Authority
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
4 Direct Interference with Individual Rights and Interests by the External Exercise of British Executive Authority
2.24
2.25
4.1 Combat Immunity
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
4.2 Direct Interference with Property Rights
2.35
4.2.1 Kamachee: colonial acquisition of territory
2.36
2.37
2.38
4.2.2 Burmah Oil and Nissan: compensation for lawful takings
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
4.2.3 The Rolla, Buron v Denman, and Nissan: Crown acts of state and prima facie unlawful takings
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
4.3 Direct Interference with the Rights to Life, Bodily Integrity, and Personal Liberty
2.54
2.55
4.3.1 Rahmatullah: Crown act of state in the Supreme Court
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
4.3.2 Issues left open by Rahmatullah
2.64
4.3.2.1 Nature of the Crown act of state doctrine
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
4.3.2.2 Judicial review of the requirements of the Crown act of state ‘defence’
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
4.3.2.3 Application of the Crown act of state ‘defence’ to acts done during peacetime
2.88
2.89
2.90
4.3.2.4 Application of the Crown act of state ‘defence’ against British nationals
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
5 Conclusions
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
2.100
2.101
2.102
2.103
3 Jurisdictional Immunities and Foreign Acts of State
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
3.01
3.02
3.03
2 Jurisdictional Immunities
3.04
2.1 Statutory Framework
3.05
3.06
3.07
2.2 Direct and Indirect Impleading
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
2.3 Immunity of Agents
3.12
3.13
3.14
2.4 Immunity for Gross and Systemic Violations of Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law
3.15
3.16
2.5 Conclusion
3.17
3 Foreign Act of State Doctrine
3.18
3.19
3.1 Before Buttes Gas
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.2 Buttes Gas
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.3 Between Buttes Gas and Belhaj
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.4 Belhaj
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.5 Foreign Legislative and Executive Acts after Belhaj
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.6 Non-justiciability, Abstention, and Restraint after Belhaj
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
4 Conclusions
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
4 Whose Act of State?
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
2 Lex Fori Approach
4.06
4.07
3 Public International Law Approach
4.08
4.09
4.10
4 Which Approach Should Be Preferred?
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
5 Conclusions
4.18
4.19
Part III Choice of Law
Preliminary Material
III.01
III.02
III.03
III.04
III.05
III.06
III.07
III.08
III.09
III.10
III.11
5 Torts in Foreign Relations and Choice of Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
2 Private Law Approach v Public Law Approach to Choice of Law
5.07
5.08
2.1 1995 Act
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
2.2 Double-Actionability
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
2.3 Conclusion
5.31
5.32
3 Reasons for the Prevalence of the Private Law Approach to Choice of Law in England
5.33
5.34
3.1 Private v Public Law Model of Public Authority Liability
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
3.2 Dicey’s Influence 1: Public Authority Tort Liability as a Private Law Matter
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.43
3.3 Dicey’s Influence 2: Limited Role for Public International Law and Foreign Public Law
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
3.4 Conclusion
5.48
5.49
4 Justifications for the Application of Foreign Law to Torts in Foreign Relations
5.50
4.1 Traditional Justifications
5.51
4.1.1 Justice, convenience, fairness, and appropriateness
5.52
5.53
4.1.2 Reasonable expectations
5.54
5.55
5.56
5.57
4.1.3 Decisional harmony
5.58
5.59
4.2 ‘Hidden Depths’ of English Private International Law
5.60
4.2.1 Territoriality
5.61
5.62
5.63
5.64
5.65
5.66
5.67
4.2.2 Comity
5.68
5.69
5.70
5.71
5.72
4.2.3 Pragmatism
5.73
5.74
5.75
5.76
5.77
5 Conclusions
5.78
5.79
5.80
6 Law Governing the Tortious Liability of the UK Government
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
2 UK Government and its Tortious Liability
6.05
6.06
2.1 UK Government and the Position of the Crown within It
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
2.2 Common Law Crown Immunity from Tortious Liability
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
2.3 Crown Proceedings Act 1947
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
3 Law Governing the Tortious Liability of the UK Government
6.19
3.1 Capacity to Be Liable in Tort
6.20
6.21
3.2 Crown Proceedings Act 1947
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
3.3 Vicarious Liability
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
3.4 Direct Liability
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
4 Conclusions
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
7 Law Governing the Tortious Liability of UK Government Officials
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
2 Primary Liability
7.05
2.1 Lex Fori Approach
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
2.2 Foreign Law Approach
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
2.3 Transnational Law Approach
7.18
7.19
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
2.4 Conclusion
7.24
3 Accessory Liability
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
3.1 Lex Fori Approach
7.30
3.2 Foreign Law Approach
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
3.3 Transnational Law Approach
7.43
7.44
7.45
7.46
3.4 Conclusion
7.47
4 Violation of Public Law as an Element of a Cause of Action
7.48
4.1 Where English Law Supplies the Cause of Action
7.49
7.50
7.51
4.2 Where Foreign Law Supplies the Cause of Action
7.52
5 Conclusions
7.53
7.54
7.55
8 Law Governing Defences
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
8.01
8.02
8.03
2 Concept of ‘Defence’
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
3 Defences under English Law
8.09
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
3.1 Statutory Defences
3.1.1 Crown Proceedings Act 1947 and provisions relating to the armed forces
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
3.1.2 Intelligence Services Act 1994 and the ‘licence to kill’
8.19
8.20
8.21
3.1.3 Overseas Operations (Service Personnel and Veterans) Act 2021 and the ‘personal injury longstop’
8.22
8.23
3.2 Common Law Doctrines
8.24
8.25
3.2.1 Crown act of state
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
3.2.2 Combat immunity
8.32
8.33
3.2.3 Foreign act of state
8.34
3.3 Conclusion
8.35
8.36
4 Defences under Foreign Law
8.37
4.1 Limitation
8.38
8.39
8.40
8.41
4.1.1 Iraqi Civilians and the ‘process of transposition’
8.42
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
4.1.2 Alseran and the public policy exception
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
8.54
8.55
8.56
4.2 Immunity
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
8.64
8.65
4.3 Justifications under Foreign Public Law
8.66
8.67
4.4 Conclusion
8.68
5 Defences under Public International Law
8.69
5.1 Application of Public International Law as Part of English Law
8.70
8.71
5.2 Application of Public International Law as Part of Foreign Law
8.72
8.73
5.3 Direct Application of Public International Law
8.74
8.75
8.76
5.4 Conclusion
8.77
6 Conclusions
8.78
8.79
8.80
8.81
8.82
8.83
8.84
9 Pleading and Proof of Foreign Law
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
2 Pleading and Proof of Foreign Law in Light of Brownlie
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
9.11
9.12
3 Duty to Plead and Prove Foreign Law in Belhaj
9.13
9.14
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
4 Is Belhaj Still a Good Authority?
9.19
9.20
9.21
9.22
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
9.31
9.32
5 Conclusions
9.33
Part IV Foreign Judgments
Preliminary Material
IV.01
10 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
Preliminary Material
1 Introduction
10.01
10.02
10.03
2 Judgments from a European Convention on State Immunity Contracting State
10.04
10.05
10.06
10.07
10.08
10.09
3 Judgments from Other States
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
4 Conclusions
10.17
10.18
Part V Conclusion
11 Summary and Way Forward
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
Further Material
Bibliography
Index
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Part II Jurisdiction of Courts and Acts of State, Preliminary Material
From:
Torts in UK Foreign Relations
Uglješa Grušić
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Private International Law [PRIL]
Published in print:
13 June 2023
ISBN:
9780198869221
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34.229.63.28