We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.
Find out more
Jump to Content
Jump to Main Navigation
User Account
Personal Profile
See all online law products
More
About
Guided Tour
Subscriber Services
Contact Us
FAQ
Help
Search
Browse all
Area of law
Financial Law [FBL]
International Commercial Arbitration [ICMA]
Private International Law [PRIL]
International Commercial Law [ICML]
Author
My Content
(0)
Recently viewed
(0)
Save Entry
My Searches
(0)
Recently viewed
(0)
Save Search
Print
Save
Cite
Email this content
Share Link
Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email this content
or copy the link directly:
https://olrl.ouplaw.com/abstract/10.1093/law/9780198811978.001.0001/law-9780198811978-miscMatter-10
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.
Link copied successfully
Copy link
Share This
Sign in
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Username
Please enter your Username
Password
Please enter your Password
Forgot password?
Don't have an account?
Sign in via your Institution
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Sign in with your library card
Please enter your library card number
View translated passages only
Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Preface To the Second Edition
Table of Contents
Table of Cases
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
France
Netherlands
Singapore
United States
Table of Legislation
United Kingdom
Statutes
Statutory Instruments
European Legislation
Directives
Regulations
International Treaties and Conventions
Other National Legislation
Australia
Canada
India
Japan
Korea
United States
International Rules
Comité Maritime International (CMI) Rules
International Chamber of Commerce
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
Uniform Rules of Conduct for Interchange of Trade Data by Teletransmission
Bill of Lading Electronic Registry Organization (Bolero)
Electronic Shipping Solutions
List of Abbreviations
Main Text
Introduction
Part I Background
1 Documents Used in International Trade
Preliminary Material
1.01
A Documents Relating to the Sale Contract
The purchase order (aka pro forma invoice)
1.02
The invoice
1.03
B Transport Documents (aka Carriage or Shipping Documents)
1.04
C Insurance Documents
1.05
D Certifying Documents
1.06
Certificates of origin
1.07
Certificates of quality
1.08
Certificates of quantity
1.09
E Payment Instruments
1.10
1.11
2 Legal Aspects of Electronic Communication and Recording of Information
Preliminary Material
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
A Contract Formation by Electronic Communications
Functional equivalence of electronic communications
2.05
2.06
2.07
Legal effect and evidential value of electronic communications
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
Contract formation by email communications
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
Contract formation and automated communications
Orders placed over a website
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
Exchange of structured data and standardization
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
B Contract Formalities
Writing requirements
2.26
2.27
Signature requirements
Equivalence of an electronic signature
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
Digital signatures
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
C Documents of Title and Negotiable Instruments
Embodiment and possession
2.42
Functional equivalents to embodiment and possession
2.43
2.44
Blockchain and DLTs
2.45
2.46
2.47
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records 2017
2.48
D Provision of Electronic Communication Services
2.49
2.50
Terms-of-use agreements
2.51
Terms relating to the user’s duties and the TPP’s rights
2.52
Terms relating to the user’s rights
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
Limitations, exclusions, and disclaimers
2.59
Applicable law and choice of forum
2.60
Cloud computing
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
Part II Electronic Documents: Legal Framework
3 International Sale Contracts and Their Performance
Preliminary Material
3.01
A Standard Contract Terms and Their Performance
3.02
3.03
Documents and performance in FOB contracts
3.04
The CIF contract and documentary sales
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
B Performance of the Payment Obligation
Open account
3.09
Documentary collection
3.10
3.11
Documentary credits
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
Strict compliance requirements
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
Original documents and copies
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
The autonomy principle and the fraud exception
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
C Supply Chain Finance
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
4 Legal Framework to Govern Electronic Payment and Electronic Presentation of Documents
Preliminary Material
4.01
4.02
4.03
A Electronic Presentation of Documents and Trade Data
Documentary collections
4.04
Documentary credits
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
Bank payment obligation
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
B Electronic Alternatives to Negotiable Financial Instruments
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.30
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
5 Carriage Documents and the Functions that They Perform
Preliminary Material
5.01
A Bills of Lading
5.02
5.03
Receipt for cargo
5.04
The receipt function at common law
5.05
5.06
5.07
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 and the Hague-Visby Rules
5.08
5.09
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
Contract of carriage
5.19
5.20
5.21
The contractual function and the shipper
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
The contractual function and the transferee of the bill of lading
5.31
5.32
5.33
The identity of the carrier
5.34
5.35
Document of title
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
The document-of-title function at common law
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
The document-of-title function under statutory law
5.47
5.48
5.49
Applicability of other statutory provisions on documents of title
5.50
5.51
5.52
5.53
B Sea Waybills
5.54
5.55
CMI Uniform Rules for Sea Waybills
5.56
5.57
5.58
5.59
5.60
5.61
5.62
English law
5.63
Receipt and contract of carriage
5.64
5.65
Sea waybills are not documents of title
5.66
5.67
Distinction between sea waybills and straight bills of lading
5.68
5.69
C Delivery Orders
5.70
5.71
5.72
5.73
5.74
6 Legal Framework to Govern Electronic Transport Documents
Preliminary Material
6.01
A English Law
Electronic bills of lading
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
Electronic bills of lading: the receipt function
6.07
6.08
The receipt function and the common law
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
The receipt function and statutory law
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
Electronic bills of lading: the contract-of-carriage function
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
The position of the shipper
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
The position of the charterer
6.30
6.31
The identity of the carrier
6.32
Electronic bills of lading: the document-of-title function
6.33
Transfer of constructive possession
6.34
6.35
Transfer of property
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
The performance of the bill of lading’s functions using the E-Title system
6.45
Distributed ledger technology and bills of lading
6.46
Electronic sea waybills
6.47
6.48
6.49
Standard contractual provisions
6.50
6.51
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
Electronic delivery orders
6.56
B US Law
6.57
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
C International Standards
6.65
CMI Rules for Electronic Bills of Lading
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
6.70
6.71
6.72
6.73
6.74
UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce
6.75
6.76
Equivalence of electronic communications to the written medium
6.77
6.78
Guarantee of singularity
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
6.83
Application of rules governing paper bills of lading
6.84
6.85
The Rotterdam Rules
6.86
6.87
Terminology
6.88
6.89
6.90
6.91
6.92
Equivalence of electronic communications to the written medium under the Convention
6.93
6.94
6.95
6.96
6.97
The receipt function under the Convention
6.98
6.99
6.100
6.101
6.102
6.103
6.104
6.105
6.106
6.107
The contract-of-carriage function under the Convention
6.108
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
The document-of-title function under the Convention
6.113
6.114
6.115
6.116
6.117
6.118
Electronic sea waybills
6.119
6.120
6.121
6.122
6.123
6.124
6.125
6.126
6.127
Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records
6.128
7 Cargo Insurance Documents and the Functions that They Perform
Preliminary Material
7.01
7.02
A The Cargo Insurance Market
7.03
7.04
7.05
B Cargo Cover Documentation
Placing
7.06
Cargo cover documentation and insurance regulation
7.07
The quotation
7.08
The slip
7.09
7.10
The policy
7.11
The policy form
7.12
Open covers
7.13
7.14
Relationship between slip and policy
7.15
The coexistence of slip and policy
7.16
Is a slip a policy?
7.17
7.18
The certificate
7.19
Brokers’ certificates
7.20
‘American certificates’
7.21
Use of certificates in international sales on CIF terms
7.22
Relationship between certificate and underlying contract
7.23
Suing under a contract embodied in a certificate
7.24
C Construing Insurance Documents
7.25
7.26
7.27
D Making a Claim
The assured
7.28
Third parties and assignees
7.29
7.30
Assignment of the policy
7.31
Assignment of a certificate
7.32
Insurable interest
7.33
Claims procedures
7.34
The subscription market
7.35
7.36
8 Legal Framework to Govern Electronic Cargo Insurance Documents
Preliminary Material
8.01
A Contract Formation
The assured
8.02
8.03
Placement by brokers
General
8.04
8.05
8.06
The subscription market
8.07
8.08
8.09
Use of the Exchange
8.10
Interchange agreement
8.11
Business Process Protocols
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
The PPL service and Interchange Agreement
8.18
8.19
8.20
Quotations
8.21
8.22
B Evidence of Cover
Industry guidance
8.23
Slip policies
8.24
The policy
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
Electronic certificate as evidence of cover
8.30
8.31
C Construing the Contract
8.32
8.33
8.34
Contract Certainty Code of Practice
8.35
8.36
Electronic endorsement
8.37
D Assignment of Documents Issued in Electronic Form
Assignment of policies
8.38
8.39
8.40
8.41
Assignment of certificates
8.42
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
E Making a Claim
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
Part III Electronic Documents: Emerging Practices
9 Removing Obstacles on the Road to Transition
Preliminary Material
9.01
9.02
A Taking Initiative: The Role of Exporters and Importers
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
9.09
9.10
9.11
9.12
9.13
9.14
B Eliminating Barriers: Import and Export Formalities
Compliance
9.15
9.16
9.17
Reducing red tape and facilitating trade
9.18
9.19
9.20
Electronic communications and state authorities
9.21
9.22
Electronic single windows
9.23
9.24
Single windows and developing countries
9.25
9.26
9.27
9.28
9.29
Single window in the United Kingdom
9.30
Regional initiatives: The European Union
9.31
9.32
9.33
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
10 Electronic Systems for Payment Processing
Preliminary Material
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
A Electronic Financial Messaging and Trade Finance
10.06
Infrastructure of the financial supply chain
Trade Services Utility
10.07
10.08
10.09
FIN and FileAct
10.10
10.11
10.12
B Integrating Trade Data into the Financial Supply Chain
Electronic invoicing
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
Electronic transport documents
10.18
essDOCS CargoDocs DocEx
10.19
10.20
Bolero
10.21
10.22
10.23
@GlobalTrade
10.24
10.25
10.26
TradeCard/GT Nexus/Infor Nexus
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
DLT and Smart Contracts in trade and supply chain finance
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
11 Electronic Systems for the Issue and Transfer of Rights Over Goods in Transit
Preliminary Material
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
A Practical Barriers to the Adoption of Electronic Alternatives to Transport Documents
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
11.10
B Systems Provided by Third-Party Service Providers
11.11
e-B/L Korea
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
Bolero
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
essDOCS CargoDocs DocEx Platform
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.33
11.34
edoxOnline
11.35
C Electronic Alternatives in Liner Carriage
11.36
11.37
Booking vessel space
11.38
11.39
11.40
Shipping instructions
11.41
Systems to replicate the bill of lading
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.45
Wave BL
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
11.51
11.52
Blockchain-based bills of lading and the Rotterdam Rules
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.57
11.58
11.59
Systems to replicate sea waybills
11.60
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
12 Electronic Systems for Cargo Insurance
Preliminary Material
12.01
12.02
A Practical Barriers to Electronic Placing
12.03
Cultural resistance
12.04
12.05
Adoption of electronic processes by trading partners
12.06
Ability to integrate the process with existing business practices
12.07
12.08
Electronic slip
12.09
Costs and technology
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
Communication between broker and assured
12.14
B Issue of Evidence of Cover
12.15
Insurers’ Market Repository
12.16
Policies
12.17
Electronic policy as underlying agreement
12.18
Certificates
12.19
12.20
12.21
Use of certificates platform: insurance practitioners
12.22
12.23
12.24
Use of certificates platform: assureds
12.25
12.26
12.27
Cancellation
12.28
12.29
Verifying authenticity
12.30
Printing
12.31
Non-subscription market
12.32
C Claims Processes
12.33
12.34
12.35
12.36
Emerging technologies in marine insurance
12.37
D Terms of Use
12.38
12.39
Further Material
Appendix 1 ESS-Databridge Bill of Lading Sample
Appendix 2 Lloyd’s Electronic Certificate Sample
Index
Sign up for alerts
Table of Cases
From:
Electronic Documents in Maritime Trade: Law and Practice (2nd Edition)
Miriam Goldby
Previous Edition (1 ed.)
Content type:
Book content
Product:
International Commercial Law [ICML]
Published in print:
03 October 2019
ISBN:
9780198811978
Prev
|
Next
[3.236.207.90]
3.236.207.90