We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. You can change your cookie settings at any time.
Find out more
Jump to Content
Jump to Main Navigation
User Account
Personal Profile
See all online law products
More
About
Guided Tour
Subscriber Services
Contact Us
FAQ
Help
Search
Browse all
Area of law
Financial Law [FBL]
International Commercial Arbitration [ICMA]
Private International Law [PRIL]
International Commercial Law [ICML]
Author
My Content
(0)
Recently viewed
(0)
Save Entry
My Searches
(0)
Recently viewed
(0)
Save Search
Print
Save
Cite
Email this content
Share Link
Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
Email this content
or copy the link directly:
https://olrl.ouplaw.com/abstract/10.1093/law/9780198808589.001.0001/law-9780198808589-miscMatter-8
The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.
Link copied successfully
Copy link
Share This
Sign in
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Username
Please enter your Username
Password
Please enter your Password
Forgot password?
Don't have an account?
Sign in via your Institution
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Sign in with your library card
Please enter your library card number
View translated passages only
Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Preface
Contents—Summary
Contents
Table of Cases
Tables of Legislation
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China
Czech Republic
Denmark
England
Finland
France
Germany
Hong Kong
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
Singapore
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United States of America
EU Legislation
International Legislation
List of Contributors
Editors
Contributors
Summary of Set-Off Law in the Countries Covered in this Book
Main Text
1 Introduction
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
B Short Description of Set-off
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
C Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Contractual set-off
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
2 Set-off by operation of law
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
D Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1.20
1.21
1 Rights of set-off
1.22
1.23
1.24
2 Automatic stays
1.25
3 Look-back periods
1.26
1.27
E Conflict of Laws and Cross-border Issues
1.28
1 Set-off between solvent parties
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
2 Set-off between insolvent parties
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
2 Argentina
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
2.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2 Contractual set-off
2.10
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
2.11
1 Reorganization
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2 Bankruptcy
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
3 Set-off during the ‘suspect’ or ‘look-back’ period
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
D Cross-border Issues
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
E Summary
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
3 Australia
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Contractual set-off
Introduction
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
Assignment and grant of a security interest
3.14
Where the PPSA does not apply
3.15
3.16
Where the PPSA applies
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
Set-off agreements entered into in breach of agreements
3.23
3.24
Administration
3.25
3.26
3.27
Administration and the PPSA
3.28
3.29
Compromise or arrangement approved by the court
3.30
2 Additional set-off rights
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Set-off under section 553C of the Corporations Act
3.37
3.38
Existence of claims
3.39
3.40
3.41
Commensurability
3.42
Mutuality
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
2 Restrictions on set-off against parties in insolvency
3.47
Notice of insolvency
3.48
3.49
3.50
Intervening creditors
3.51
3.52
Banks and certain other counterparties
3.53
3.54
3 Contractual set-off against parties in insolvency
Introduction
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59
4 Netting arrangements
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
D Cross-border Issues
3.64
1 Choice of law
3.65
Contractual set-off (and contractual exclusion of set-off)
Common law
3.66
3.67
3.68
Where the PPSA applies
3.69
3.70
3.71
Set-off as procedure or substance
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
2 Set-off in insolvency
Australian companies
3.76
Foreign companies
3.77
3.78
Recognition under the Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008
3.79
3.80
3.81
Letter of request
3.82
3.83
3.84
Ancillary liquidation order pursuant to section 601CL(14) of the Corporations Act
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
Winding up under Part 5.7 of the Corporations Act
3.89
3.90
Order recognizing foreign liquidation order at common law
3.91
3 Effect of these proceedings on set-off
3.92
3.93
3.94
E Summary
3.95
4 Austria
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
4.01
4.02
4.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Contractual set-off
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
2 Capital maintenance and other restrictions
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
3 Set-off in the context of legal proceedings
4.14
4.15
4 Statutory set-off
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
4.23
1 Extension of the right of set-off in insolvency
4.24
4.25
4.26
4.27
2 Restrictions on the right of set-off in insolvency
4.28
4.29
4.30
3 Exceptions to the general rule
4.31
4.32
4.33
4.34
4 Claims arising by reason of the opening of insolvency proceedings
4.35
4.36
4.37
5 Set-off and prohibition of creditor preferences
4.38
4.39
6 Avoidance and fraudulent transfers
4.40
4.41
4.42
4.43
4.44
4.45
D Cross-border Issues
4.46
4.47
4.48
4.49
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
4.54
4.55
4.56
4.57
4.58
4.59
E Summary
4.60
4.61
4.62
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.67
5 Belgium
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
1 Legal framework
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Legal set-off
5.07
5.08
5.09
5.10
5.11
2 Judicial set-off
5.12
5.13
5.14
3 Contractual set-off
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
4 Multilateral set-off
5.22
5.23
Corporate benefit
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Legal set-off against insolvent parties
5.28
5.29
5.30
5.31
5.32
2 Contractual set-off against insolvent parties
Traditional approach
5.33
5.34
Impact of the Financial Collateral Act
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
5.41
D Cross-border Issues
5.42
1 Set-off between solvent parties
5.43
2 Set-off against insolvent parties
5.44
5.45
5.46
5.47
5.48
5.49
E Summary
5.50
6 Brazil
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
1 Set-off and netting: distinction
6.04
605
6.06
6.07
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
2 Contractual set-off: ‘close-out netting’ provisions
6.15
6.16
6.17
3 Principle of manifestation of will
6.18
6.19
Judicial intervention
6.20
6.21
Abusive use of early-termination clauses
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
Article 333 of the Brazilian Civil Code
6.26
6.27
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Bankruptcy
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
Limitations to the court-appointed administrator’s power
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
Netting agreements provided for in Article 119, Item VIII of the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
Legal term (termo legal)
6.52
6.53
6.54
6.55
6.56
2 Judicial or out-of-court reorganization proceedings
6.57
6.58
6.59
6.60
6.61
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
6.66
6.67
6.68
6.69
6.70
3 Bank insolvency proceedings
6.71
6.72
Intervention
6.73
6.74
6.75
6.76
6.77
6.78
6.79
6.80
Extrajudicial liquidation
6.81
6.82
6.83
6.84
6.85
Special Temporary Administration Regime
6.86
6.87
6.88
6.89
4 Civil insolvency proceeding
6.90
6.91
6.92
6.93
6.94
6.95
6.96
D Cross-border Issues
6.97
6.98
6.99
6.100
6.101
6.102
6.103
6.104
6.105
6.106
6.107
6.108
E Summary
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
6.113
7 Canada
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
7.05
1 Legal set-off
7.06
7.07
The cross-claims must be debts
7.08
The debts must be mutual
7.09
7.10
2 Equitable set-off
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
3 Statutory set-off
7.15
7.16
4 Contractual set-off
7.17
7.18
7.19
5 Set-off in relation to subsidiaries
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
7.25
6 Security interests and the right of set-off
7.26
7.27
7.28
7.29
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.35
7.36
1 Bankruptcy proceedings under the BIA
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
Fraudulent preferences under the BIA
7.42
7.43
7.44
Fraudulent preferences under provincial legislation
7.45
2 Receiverships
7.46
7.47
7.48
3 Reorganization proceedings under the CCAA
7.49
7.50
7.51
7.52
7.53
7.54
D Cross-border Issues
1 Outside insolvency
7.55
7.56
7.57
7.58
7.59
7.60
7.61
7.62
7.63
2 Within insolvency
7.64
7.65
7.66
7.67
7.68
7.69
E Summary
7.70
8 Chile
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Set-off by operation of law
8.05
8.06
2 Contractual set-off
8.07
8.08
8.09
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Declaration of liquidation under Chilean law
8.10
8.11
2 Effect on post-bankruptcy set-off
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
3 Set-off of connected obligations
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
4 Effect on set-off occurring prior to the declaration of liquidation
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
D Cross-border Issues
8.28
E Summary
8.29
9 China
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
9.01
9.02
9.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
9.04
1 Statutory set-off under the Contract Law
9.05
9.06
2 Contractual set-off
9.07
9.08
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Introduction
The Bankruptcy Law
9.09
9.10
9.11
Insolvency set-off
9.12
9.13
2 Requirements for insolvency set-off
Debts must be ‘incurred’ before the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings
9.14
No knowledge of the other party’s insolvency
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
Mutuality
9.19
Other issues
9.20
9.21
9.22
3 Procedures for exercising insolvency set-off rights
9.23
9.24
4 Set-off right in the context of close-out netting in OTC derivatives
Close-out netting mechanism under different master agreements
9.25
9.26
Close-out and termination
9.27
9.28
9.29
9.30
Netting
9.31
9.32
Attitude of Chinese courts
9.33
9.34
9.35
5 Restrictions on unfair preference for creditors and set-off
9.36
9.37
9.38
6 Restrictions on banks’ set-off rights against deposits
9.39
9.40
9.41
7 Set-off vis-à-vis clearing houses
9.42
9.43
8 Pending developments
Bankruptcy regulations for financial institutions
9.44
Recovery and resolution regime
9.45
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off between solvent parties
9.46
2 Set-off against insolvent parties
9.47
9.48
9.49
E Summary
9.50
9.51
10 Czech Republic
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
10.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 General regulations
10.02
10.03
Mutuality of claims
10.04
10.05
10.06
Same type of claim
10.07
Eligibility of claims for set-off
10.08
Evidence of intention to set off
10.09
10.10
10.11
Maturity
10.12
10.13
Exclusion of claims
10.14
10.15
Transitional regulation
10.16
10.17
2 Specific regulations under the Business Corporations Act
10.18
10.19
3 Contractual set-off involving multiple parties
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
4 Special regimes
10.25
10.26
C Set-off between Insolvent Parties
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
D Cross-border Issues
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
E Summary
10.37
11 Denmark
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Set-off by operation of law
11.06
11.07
11.08
2 Expanded set-off by operation of law (connected claims)
11.09
11.10
11.11
3 Expanded set-off rights by agreement
11.12
11.13
11.14
4 Limitations on the right to set-off
Principal claim is assigned by the creditor to a third party
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
Principal claim is covered by a floating charge
11.19
11.20
Set-off with subordinated claims
11.21
Claims ‘earmarked’ for specific purposes
11.22
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Regulation of set-off in the Bankruptcy Act
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
2 Close-out netting
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.33
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off between solvent parties
11.34
11.35
11.36
11.37
2 Set-off between insolvent parties
11.38
E Summary
11.39
11.40
11.41
11.42
11.43
12 England
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Contractual set-off
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
2 Legal set-off
12.09
3 Equitable set-off
12.10
12.11
4 Banker’s right of set-off
12.12
12.13
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 The insolvency set-off rules
12.14
12.15
2 Mandatory nature
12.16
12.17
12.18
3 ‘Due’ and contingent claims
12.19
12.20
12.21
12.22
12.23
12.24
4 Mutuality
12.25
12.26
12.27
12.28
12.29
12.30
12.31
12.32
5 Prohibition on build-up of set-offs
12.33
12.34
12.35
6 Insolvency clawbacks
12.36
12.37
12.38
12.39
12.40
12.41
D Cross-border Issues
12.42
12.43
E Summary
12.44
13 Finland
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
13.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
13.02
1 Compulsory set-off
13.03
General preconditions
13.04
13.05
Certain restrictions
13.06
2 Contractual set-off
13.07
3 Cash management
13.08
13.09
4 Security interests
13.10
5 Set-off in connection with transfer of receivables
13.11
13.12
6 Set-off in foreclosure
13.13
C Set-off against an Insolvent Party
1 Requirements
Bankruptcy
13.14
13.15
Corporate reorganization
13.16
13.17
13.18
Set-off in cross-border transactions in the European Union
13.19
13.20
13.21
2 Stay
13.22
3 Restrictions on creditor preference
13.23
13.24
13.25
13.26
4 Netting and financial collateral
Netting Act
13.27
13.28
13.29
Financial collateral
13.30
13.31
13.32
13.33
D Cross-border Issues
13.34
13.35
13.36
13.37
13.38
13.39
13.40
13.41
E Summary
13.42
13.43
13.44
13.45
14 France
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
14.01
14.02
14.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
14.04
1 Legal set-off
14.05
14.06
14.07
14.08
14.09
2 Contractual set-off
14.10
14.11
3 Enhanced set-off of financial obligations
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
4 Cash-pooling arrangements
14.16
14.17
5 Set-off and security interests
14.18
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
14.19
14.20
1 Set-off and automatic stay
14.21
14.22
2 Fraudulent transfers/suspect-period issues
14.23
14.24
14.25
3 The Collateral Directive
14.26
14.27
14.28
4 Set-off of financial obligations after opening of an insolvency
14.29
14.30
14.31
14.32
14.33
14.34
D Cross-border Issues
14.35
E Summary
14.36
15 Germany
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
15.01
15.02
15.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory right of set-off under the German civil code, ‘BGB’
15.04
15.05
2 Contractual right of set-off
15.06
15.07
15.08
3 Exclusion of set-off
15.09
4 Set-off restrictions in the general terms and conditions
15.10
15.11
5 Limitation
15.12
6 Cash pooling
15.13
15.14
15.15
15.16
15.17
15.18
7 Set-off at trial
15.19
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Introduction to the German Insolvency Statute, ‘InsO’
15.20
2 Acquisition of the right to set off before insolvency proceedings are opened
15.21
3 Set-off between two insolvency administrators
15.22
15.23
4 Acquisition of the right to set-off after insolvency proceedings are opened
15.24
5 Prohibition of set-off (section 96 InsO)
15.25
15.26
6 Set-off and contestation in insolvency proceedings
15.27
15.28
15.29
15.30
15.31
15.32
7 Cash pooling in insolvency proceedings
15.33
15.34
15.35
15.36
15.37
15.38
15.39
8 Burden of proof
15.40
D Cross-border Issues
15.41
15.42
E Summary
15.43
16 Hong Kong
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
16.01
16.02
16.03
16.04
16.05
16.06
16.07
16.08
B Set-off outside Insolvency
1 Equitable set-off
16.09
16.10
16.11
16.12
16.13
16.14
16.15
2 Legal set-off
16.16
16.17
16.18
16.19
16.20
16.21
16.22
16.23
16.24
16.25
3 Contractual set-off
16.26
16.27
16.28
16.29
16.30
16.31
16.32
16.33
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
16.34
1 Statutory set-off
16.35
16.36
16.37
16.38
16.39
16.40
16.41
16.42
16.43
16.44
16.45
16.46
16.47
D Cross-border Issues
16.48
16.49
16.50
16.51
16.52
17 Ireland
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
17.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
17.02
17.03
2 Contractual set-off
17.04
17.05
17.06
17.07
17.08
17.09
17.10
17.11
3 Public policy
17.12
17.13
17.14
17.15
17.16
17.17
4 Cash management (pooling) arrangements
17.18
5 Set-off and security interests
17.19
17.20
17.21
17.22
17.23
17.24
6 Defence of set-off by guarantor
17.25
7 Mareva injunctions
17.26
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Rule against double proof
17.27
17.28
2 Cash management (pooling) arrangements
17.29
3 Set-off on winding up
17.30
17.31
17.32
17.33
17.34
17.35
17.36
4 Stay—examinership
17.37
17.38
17.39
5 Set-off in financial contracts
17.40
17.41
6 Unfair preference
17.42
17.43
17.44
17.45
17.46
17.47
7 Fraud on creditors
17.48
17.49
8 Attachment by the Revenue Commissioners
17.50
9 Financial collateral arrangements
17.51
17.52
D Cross-border Issues
17.53
17.54
17.55
17.56
E Summary
17.57
18 Italy
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
18.01
18.02
18.03
18.04
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Legal set-off
18.05
18.06
2 Contractual set-off
18.07
18.08
18.09
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Set-off under the Italian Bankruptcy Law
18.10
18.11
18.12
18.13
18.14
18.15
2 Set-off and voidable preferences
18.16
18.17
18.18
18.19
18.20
18.21
18.22
18.23
18.24
18.25
18.26
18.27
18.28
18.29
D Cross-border Issues
1 Cross-border set-off between solvent parties
18.30
18.31
18.32
18.33
18.34
18.35
18.36
18.37
2 Cross-border set-off against insolvent parties
18.38
18.39
18.40
18.41
18.42
18.43
18.44
18.45
19 Japan
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
19.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
19.02
19.03
2 Procedures for exercise of set-off between solvent parties
19.04
19.05
3 Contractual set-off
19.06
19.07
19.08
C Set-Off against Insolvent Parties
1 Legislative overview
19.09
19.10
19.11
19.12
19.13
19.14
2 Set-off and principle of equality among creditors
19.15
19.16
19.17
19.18
19.19
3 Set-off against attaching creditors
19.20
19.21
19.22
19.23
4 Set-off against assignees
19.24
19.25
5 Triangular Set-off
19.26
19.27
19.28
6 Close-out netting of specified financial transactions
19.29
19.30
D Cross-border Issues
1 Applicable law on statutory set-off
19.31
19.32
2 Applicable law on contractual set-off
19.33
3 Applicable law on set-off in insolvency proceedings
19.34
E Summary
19.35
19.36
20 Luxembourg
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
20.01
20.02
20.03
20.04
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
20.05
20.06
20.07
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
20.08
20.09
20.10
20.11
20.12
20.13
20.14
20.15
20.16
20.17
20.18
20.19
20.20
20.21
20.22
20.23
20.24
20.25
20.26
D Cross-border Issues
20.27
1 Cross-border set-off between solvent parties
Cross-border set-off between solvent parties where the Rome I Regulation or the Rome Convention applies
20.28
20.29
20.30
20.31
20.32
20.33
20.34
20.35
Cross-border set-off between solvent parties where neither the Rome I Regulation nor the Rome Convention applies
20.36
20.37
2 Cross-border set-off against insolvent parties
Cross-border set-off against insolvent parties where the EU Insolvency Regulation or the Recast Insolvency Regulation, as applicable, or another sector-specific European insolvency legislation, applies
20.38
20.39
20.40
20.41
20.42
Cross-border set-off against insolvent parties where neither the EU Insolvency Regulation or the Recast Insolvency Regulation, as applicable, nor any other sector-specific European insolvency legislation applies
20.43
20.44
E Summary
20.45
21 Mexico
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
21.01
21.02
21.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Automatic set-off
21.04
21.05
21.06
21.07
2 Contractual set-off
21.08
21.09
21.10
21.11
21.12
21.13
21.14
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
21.15
21.16
1 Derivatives, reportos, and securities-lending transactions
21.17
21.18
21.19
2 Retroactivity period
21.20
21.21
21.22
21.23
21.24
21.25
D Cross-border Issues
21.26
21.27
21.28
21.29
E Summary
21.30
21.31
22 The Netherlands
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
22.01
22.02
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
22.03
22.04
22.05
22.06
2 Contractual set-off
22.07
3 Current-account set-off
22.08
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 General
22.09
22.10
2 Contractual set-off
22.11
3 Current-account set-off
22.12
22.13
22.14
22.15
4 Cooling-off period
22.16
22.17
5 Actio pauliana
22.18
22.19
22.20
22.21
6 Financial collateral arrangements
22.22
22.23
22.24
22.25
D Set-off in Recovery and Resolution
1 General
22.26
22.27
2 Restrictions
22.28
22.29
3 Safeguards
22.30
E Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off between solvent parties
22.31
22.32
22.33
2 Set-off against insolvent parties
22.34
22.35
22.36
22.37
22.38
22.39
22.40
22.41
3 Set-off in recovery and resolution
22.42
22.43
22.44
F Summary
22.45
23 New Zealand
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
23.01
23.02
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Current-account set-off (or the banker’s right of combination)
23.03
23.04
2 Independent set-off (or legal set-off)
23.05
23.06
23.07
23.08
3 Transaction set-off (or equitable set-off)
23.09
23.10
23.11
4 Contractual set-off
23.12
23.13
23.14
23.15
23.16
5 Contractual set-off and competing security interests under the PPSA
23.17
23.18
23.19
23.20
23.21
Application of PPSA to right of set-off
23.22
PPSA does not exclude rules at common law and of equity
23.23
Section 102 of the PPSA contains rules for priority of interests on assignment of account receivable
23.24
23.25
Which types of set-off do section 102(1)(a) and section 102(1)(b) deal with?
23.26
23.27
23.28
23.29
23.30
Do knowledge of assignment and defences or claims accruing after notice of assignment play any role in section 102(1)(a)?
23.31
23.32
23.33
23.34
23.35
23.36
What is the effect under section 102 of contractual prohibition on creation of assignments?
23.37
23.38
23.39
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
23.40
1 Set-off in liquidation
23.41
23.42
23.43
23.44
23.45
23.46
23.47
23.48
23.49
23.50
23.51
23.52
2 Set-off in voluntary administration
23.53
23.54
23.55
23.56
23.57
3 Insolvency set-off and competing security interests under the PPSA
23.58
23.59
23.60
4 Is a subordinated debt eligible for insolvency set-off in liquidation?
23.61
23.62
23.63
23.64
23.65
23.66
5 Netting insolvency set-off in liquidation and voluntary administration
23.67
23.68
23.69
23.70
23.71
23.72
23.73
23.74
23.75
6 Statutory management set-off
23.76
23.77
23.78
7 Designated payment systems
23.79
23.80
23.81
D Cross-border Issues
23.82
1 Likely relevant context
23.83
2 Choice of law
23.84
3 Contractual set-off
23.85
4 Set-off in liquidation
23.86
23.87
5 Statutory management set-off
23.88
23.89
6 Cross-border application of the PPSA
23.90
23.91
23.92
23.93
E Summary
23.94
23.95
23.96
23.97
23.98
23.99
24 Poland
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
24.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
24.02
24.03
24.04
24.05
24.06
2 Bank set-off
24.07
24.08
3 Contractual set-off: compensation
24.09
24.10
24.11
24.12
24.13
24.14
24.15
4 Compensation in the Act on Certain Financial Collateral Instruments
24.16
24.17
24.18
24.19
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
24.20
24.21
24.22
24.23
1 Standard provisions on set-off after a declaration of insolvency
24.24
2 Netting provisions and the Insolvency Law
24.25
24.26
24.27
24.28
3 Set-off under the Bankruptcy Law
24.29
24.30
24.31
4 Set-off under the Restructuring Law
24.32
24.33
24.34
5 Netting under restructuring proceedings
24.35
24.36
D Cross-border Issues
1 Choice of law applicable in cross-border set-offs during solvency of the debtor
24.37
24.38
24.39
24.40
E Summary
24.41
24.42
25 Portugal
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
25.01
25.02
25.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Unilateral set-off
25.04
25.05
25.06
25.07
25.08
25.09
25.10
2 Contractual set-off
25.11
25.12
25.13
25.14
25.15
25.16
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 General approach
25.17
25.18
25.19
25.20
2 Termination of certain acts to the benefit of the insolvent estate
General principles (Article 120 of the Insolvency Code)
25.21
25.22
Unconditional termination (Article 121 of the Insolvency Code)
25.23
Payment systems (Article 122 of the Insolvency Code)
25.24
3 The Portuguese Netting Law
25.25
25.26
25.27
4 The financial collateral regime
25.28
25.29
25.30
25.31
25.32
25.33
25.34
25.35
25.36
5 The financial pledge
Under the Civil Code
25.37
25.38
25.39
Under the Financial Collateral Law
25.40
25.41
25.42
25.43
25.44
Within the scope of insolvency proceedings
25.45
25.46
25.47
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off between solvent parties
25.48
25.49
25.50
25.51
2 Set-off against insolvent parties
25.52
25.53
25.54
25.55
25.56
25.57
E Summary
25.58
25.59
25.60
25.61
25.62
25.63
26 Romania
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
26.01
26.02
26.03
26.04
26.05
26.06
26.07
26.08
26.09
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Legal set-off
Requirements for a legal set-off
26.10
26.11
First requirement: mutual claims
26.12
26.13
Second requirement: certain, liquid, and mature claims
Certain claim
26.14
26.15
26.16
Liquid claim
26.17
Mature claim
26.18
26.19
26.20
26.21
26.22
Third requirement: interchangeable items of the same kind and type
26.23
26.24
Fourth requirement: the parties have not waived the application of the set-off
26.25
26.26
26.27
26.28
26.29
Exceptions and restrictions to a legal set-off
26.30
26.31
26.32
26.33
26.34
26.35
26.36
26.37
26.38
26.39
26.40
26.41
26.42
Effects of a legal set-off
26.43
26.44
26.45
26.46
26.47
26.48
2 Contractual set-off
26.49
26.50
26.51
26.52
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
26.53
26.54
26.55
26.56
26.57
1 Bilateral set-offs
26.58
26.59
26.60
26.61
26.62
26.63
26.64
26.65
26.66
26.67
2 Financial collateral
26.68
26.69
26.70
3 Set-off and challenge in insolvency proceedings
26.71
26.72
26.73
26.74
26.75
26.76
26.77
D Cross-border Issues
26.78
1 Set-off under EU regulations
26.79
26.80
26.81
26.82
26.83
2 Set-off under the EU Insolvency Regulation
26.84
26.85
26.86
26.87
3 Set-off under the New Civil Code
26.88
26.89
26.90
E Summary
26.91
26.92
26.93
26.94
26.95
27 Russian Federation
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
27.01
27.02
27.03
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off
Regulation of statutory set-off
27.04
27.05
Mutuality of claims
27.06
27.07
Same type of claim
27.08
Maturity of claims
27.09
Evidence of intention to set off
27.10
27.11
Examples when statutory set-off is not possible
27.12
2 Contractual set-off
Regulation of contractual set-off
27.13
27.14
Discharge of joint and several obligations by set-off
27.15
Multilateral set-off
27.16
Cash management (pooling)
27.17
27.18
27.19
Alternative arrangements
27.20
C Set-off between Insolvent Parties
1 Set-off in bankruptcy proceedings of a corporate entity
27.21
27.22
27.23
2 Set-off in bankruptcy proceedings of a credit institution
27.24
3 Stay
27.25
4 Clawback and restrictions on creditor preference
27.26
Suspicious transactions
27.27
27.28
27.29
27.30
Creditor preference
27.31
Exceptions
27.32
Challenging transactions
27.33
Consequences of set-off invalidation in course of bankruptcy proceedings
27.34
5 Derivatives
27.35
27.36
6 Position where agreement is subject to foreign law
27.37
D Cross-border Issues
27.38
27.39
27.40
27.41
27.42
E Summary
27.43
28 Singapore
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
28.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Equitable set-off
28.02
28.03
28.04
28.05
2 Procedural set-off
28.06
28.07
28.08
28.09
28.10
3 Combination
28.11
4 Contractual set-off
28.12
28.13
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Basis and requirements of insolvency set-off
28.14
28.15
28.16
2 Limits to insolvency set-off
28.17
28.18
28.19
28.20
28.21
3 Set-off and other insolvency regimes
28.22
28.23
28.24
D Further Statutory Regimes Impacting Set-off
28.25
28.26
28.27
28.28
28.29
28.30
E Cross-border Issues
1 Applicable Law
28.31
28.32
28.33
2 Recognition and assistance of foreign insolvency proceedings
28.34
28.35
28.36
28.37
28.38
28.39
28.40
29 South Africa
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
29.01
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 The common law
29.02
29.03
29.04
29.05
29.06
29.07
29.08
29.09
2 Legislation
29.10
29.11
29.12
29.13
29.14
29.15
29.16
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 The common law
The concursus creditorum
29.17
29.18
29.19
‘Cherry-picking’
29.20
29.21
29.22
29.23
Set-off
29.24
29.25
29.26
29.27
2 Legislation
Applicable laws
29.28
Setting aside pre-insolvency set-off
29.29
29.30
29.31
29.32
29.33
29.34
Permitting post-insolvency netting
29.35
29.36
29.37
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off between solvent parties
Introduction
29.38
Sources of private international law in South Africa
29.39
29.40
29.41
Choice-of-law rules
29.42
29.43
29.44
Application
29.45
2 Set-off against insolvent parties
Introduction
29.46
29.47
Recognition of insolvency proceedings
29.48
29.49
29.50
Applicable choice of law
29.51
Recognition of foreign insolvency proceedings in South Africa
29.52
29.53
29.54
E Summary
29.55
29.56
29.57
29.58
29.59
29.60
29.61
29.62
30 South Korea
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
30.01
B Governing Law of Set-off
30.02
1 Contractual set-off
30.03
2 Non-contractual set-off
30.04
30.05
30.06
30.07
C Set-off between Solvent Parties
30.08
1 Statutory set-off
30.09
Mutuality
30.10
Maturity
30.11
Commensurability
30.12
Absence of prohibitions
30.13
Other conditions for set-off
30.14
30.15
30.16
30.17
2 Contractual set-off
30.18
D Set-off against Insolvent Parties
30.19
1 Set-off under insolvency laws
Bankruptcy proceedings under the DRBL
30.20
30.21
Rehabilitation proceedings under the DRBL
30.22
30.23
30.24
Restructuring proceedings under the CRPL
30.25
30.26
30.27
Restructuring proceedings under the FIRL
30.28
2 Prohibited set-off under the DRBL
30.29
30.30
30.31
3 Avoidance of preference and fraudulent transfers
30.32
30.33
30.34
30.35
E Cross-border Issues
1 Governing law of cross-border set-off
30.36
2 Set-off against a Korean party
30.37
Korean party is solvent
Korean party is subject to Korean insolvency proceedings
30.38
30.39
30.40
30.41
30.42
30.43
30.44
30.45
31 Spain
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
31.01
31.02
31.03
31.04
31.05
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Statutory set-off: its requirements
31.06
31.07
31.08
31.09
31.10
2 Contractual set-off (and judicial set-off)
31.11
31.12
31.13
31.14
3 Set-off in case of assignment of credit rights (the position of assignees)
31.15
31.16
31.17
31.18
31.19
4 Set-off and security interests
31.20
31.21
31.22
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 General rule: prohibition of set-off against an insolvent debtor
31.23
31.24
31.25
31.26
31.27
31.28
2 Set-off is allowed if its requirements were satisfied prior to the declaration of insolvency
31.29
31.30
31.31
31.32
3 Are there exceptions to the prohibition of set-off?
31.33
31.34
31.35
31.36
4 Set-off in financial transactions subject to RDL 5/2005
31.37
31.38
31.39
31.40
31.41
31.42
5 Other exceptions to the prohibition of set-off
31.43
31.44
31.45
31.46
31.47
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off against insolvent parties
31.48
31.49
31.50
31.51
31.52
31.53
31.54
2 Set-off between solvent parties: choice of law
31.55
31.56
31.57
31.58
31.59
E Summary
31.60
31.61
31.62
31.63
32 Sweden
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
32.01
32.02
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 General considerations
32.03
32.04
32.05
32.06
2 Set-off after a transfer of the principal claim
32.07
32.08
32.09
32.10
32.11
3 Contractual arrangements
32.12
32.13
32.14
32.15
32.16
32.17
4 Security interests
32.18
32.19
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 General considerations
32.20
32.21
32.22
32.23
32.24
32.25
32.26
2 Restrictions regarding the right of set-off in bankruptcy
32.27
32.28
32.29
32.30
3 Recovery of set-off effected before bankruptcy
32.31
32.32
32.33
32.34
32.35
4 Close-out netting
32.36
D Cross-border Issues
1 Applicable law for set-off outside bankruptcy
32.37
32.38
32.39
2 Applicable law for set-off in bankruptcy
32.40
32.41
32.42
3 Cross-border issues under Swedish law
32.43
32.44
32.45
32.46
E Summary
32.47
33 Switzerland
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
33.01
33.02
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Requirements for set-off
33.03
33.04
33.05
33.06
33.07
33.08
33.09
33.10
2 Ineligible obligations
33.11
33.12
3 Mechanism and effects
33.13
33.14
4 Contractual set-off
33.15
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Effects on mutuality
33.16
33.17
2 Facilitation of set-off for claims and liabilities of the estate
33.18
33.19
3 Restrictions on set-off in the event of insolvency
33.20
33.21
33.22
33.23
33.24
33.25
D Cross-border Issues
1 Conflict of laws
Swiss conflict-of-laws rules treat set-off as a substantive matter
33.26
33.27
Before Swiss courts
33.28
33.29
33.30
33.31
33.32
33.33
Before an arbitral tribunal seated in Switzerland
33.34
33.35
2 International jurisdiction
33.36
33.37
33.38
33.39
33.40
33.41
3 Effects of insolvency
Party subject to Swiss insolvency proceedings
33.42
Party subject to foreign insolvency proceedings
33.43
33.44
33.45
E Summary
33.46
33.47
34 Turkey
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
34.01
34.02
34.03
34.04
34.05
B Set-off between Solvent Parties
1 Requirements for set-off
34.06
34.07
Positive requirements for set-off:
Two mutual obligations (mutuality)
34.08
34.09
34.10
34.11
34.12
Obligations must be of the same kind
34.13
34.14
Obligations must be due
34.15
34.16
Obligations must be enforceable
34.17
34.18
34.19
Negative requirements for set-off
34.20
No waiver
34.21
Eligibility
34.22
2 Contractual set-off
34.23
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
1 Function of set-off
34.24
34.25
34.26
2 More possibilities for set-off
34.27
3 Restriction of set-off
34.28
4 Objections to set-off
34.29
D Cross-border Issues
1 Set-off in conflict-of-laws issues
34.30
34.31
34.32
2 Effects of insolvency on cross-border set-off
34.33
34.34
E Summary
34.35
34.36
34.37
35 United States of America
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
35.01
35.02
35.03
35.04
B Set-off against Solvent Parties
1 Contractual and statutory set-off
35.05
2 Set-off and security interests
35.06
C Set-off against Insolvent Parties
35.07
35.08
35.09
35.10
35.11
1 Set-off and the automatic stay of section 362
35.12
35.13
35.14
35.15
2 Set-off and prohibition of creditor preferences
35.16
35.17
35.18
35.19
35.20
35.21
35.22
3 Fraudulent transfers
35.23
35.24
D Cross-border Issues
35.25
35.26
1 New York State law analysis
35.27
35.28
35.29
35.30
35.31
35.32
35.33
2 Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code
35.34
35.35
35.36
35.37
35.38
35.39
35.40
35.41
35.42
E Non-US Party Outside a Chapter 15 Proceeding
35.43
35.44
35.45
F Summary
35.46
35.47
35.48
Further Material
Index
Sign up for alerts
Tables of Legislation
William Johnston, Thomas Werlen, Frederick Link
From:
Set-Off Law and Practice: An International Handbook (3rd Edition)
Edited By: William Johnston, Thomas Werlen, Frederick Link
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Financial Law [FBL]
Published in print:
22 February 2018
ISBN:
9780198808589
Prev
|
Next
[3.239.119.61]
3.239.119.61