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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Series Editor’s Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Table of Contents
- Table of Cases
- Table of Legislation
- List of Abbreviations
- Main Text
- Part I Host States, Mining Companies, and Mining Projects
- Part II Key Risks and Disputes Associated with International Mining Projects
- Preliminary Material
- 5 Political Risk and Resource Nationalism
- Preliminary Material
- A An Overview of Political Risk and Resource Nationalism
- B Resource Nationalism and Expropriations
- C Resource Nationalism and Adverse Governmental Actions
- 5.31
- i Denial, withdrawal, or non-renewal of mining licenses, permits or leases, or concessions
- 5.32
- 5.33
- a) Vacuum Salt Products Ltd. v. Ghana (ICSID Case No. ARB/92/1)
- b) First Quantum v. Congo: International Quantum Resources Limited, Frontier SPRL and Compagnie Minière de Sakania SPRL v. Democratic Republic of the Congo (ICSID Case No. ARB/10/21), and First Quantum Minerals, International Finance Corporation and Industrial Development Corporation v. Democratic Republic of Congo and Gecamines (ICC Case)
- c) Gold Reserve Inc. v. Venezuela (ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/09/1)
- d) Carnegie Minerals Carnegie Minerals (Gambia) Limited v. Republic of the Gambia ICSID Case No. ARB/09/19
- ii Changes in environmental regulation, bans, and moratoriums
- iii National participation requirements
- iv Tax or royalty increases
- v Resource protectionism and in-country beneficiation requirements
- vi Closure by public action
- D Breach, Repudiation, or Forced Renegotiation of International Mining Contracts
- E Managing Political Risk for International Mining Projects
- 6 Exploration Agreements and Exploration Disputes
- 7 Purchase and Joint Venture Disputes
- 8 Financing Disputes
- 9 Mining Development, Operating, and Commercial Disputes
- 10 Environmental and Social Disputes
- 11 The Impact of Anti-corruption Legislation and Trade Sanctions
- Preliminary Material
- 11.01
- A Anti-corruption Legislation and Allegations of Corruption
- 11.02
- i Sensitivity of mining projects to corruption
- ii Main national anti-corruption regimes
- 11.04
- a) US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977)
- b) OAS Inter-American Convention against Corruption (1997)
- c) OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions (1999) and United Nations International Convention against Corruption (2005)
- d) Canada Corruption of Foreign Public Officials Act (1999, 2013)
- e) UK Bribery Act (2011)
- iii Allegations of corruption in international arbitration
- B US Trade Sanctions and Export Controls Regulations
- Part III Practice and Procedure
- Preliminary Material
- 12 Advantages of Arbitration for International Mining Disputes
- Preliminary Material
- 12.01
- A Suitability to International Mining Disputes
- B Arbitral Rules and Institutions—Comparisons
- C Role of International Litigation
- 12.14
- 12.15
- 12.16
- 12.17
- i Enforcement of agreements to arbitrate
- ii Provisional conservatory or interim measures
- iii Appointment of arbitrators
- iv Judicial assistance in gathering information
- v Vacatur or annulment of arbitral awards
- vi Recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards
- vii Interference by national courts
- 13 Selection of Counsel and Arbitrators: Towards a “Mining Arbitration Bar”
- 14 Advocacy in International Mining Disputes
- 15 Preserving Confidentiality in International Mining Disputes
- 16 The Amicable Resolution of International Mining Disputes
- Preliminary Material
- 16.01
- A Prevalence of Settlements in International Mining Disputes
- B An Opportunity to Restore and Improve the Original Bargain
- 16.06
- 16.07
- 16.08
- 16.09
- 16.10
- 16.11
- i Global Gold Mining LLC v. Republic of Armenia
- ii Gold Reserve Inc. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
- iii International First Quantum Resources Ltd. et al. v. The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- iv Newmont USA Limited et al. v. Republic of Uzbekistan
- v Newmont Mining Corporation v. Indonesia
- vi Oxus Gold v. Kyrgyz Republic and Consolidated Exploration Holdings Ltd. v. Krygyz Republic
- vii Piero Foresti, Laura de Carli & Others v. The Republic of South Africa
- C Timing and Procedural Steps
- Part IV Law and Applicable Principles
- Preliminary Material
- 17 Dispute Resolution
- 18 Substantive Contractual Principles
- Preliminary Material
- 18.01
- 18.02
- A Applicable Law and Internationalization of Contracts
- B Principles of International Contract Law
- C Force Majeure, Hardship, and Related Doctrines
- 18.32
- 18.33
- i Force majeure
- ii Hardship, “imprevision” doctrine
- iv Importance of risk allocation for the resolution of international mining disputes
- D Stabilization Mechanisms in International Mining Agreements
- 19 Principles of Investment Protection in International Mining Disputes
- Preliminary Material
- 19.01
- A Expropriation of Mining Investments
- B Fair and Equitable Treatment and Its Key Components
- C Full Protection and Security
- D Protection Against Arbitrary or Discriminatory Measures
- E National Treatment and Most Favored Nation Treatment
- F The “Umbrella Clause” and Its Application to Mining Disputes
- G Maximizing Investment Protection and Securing Access to International Arbitration
- 20 Towards a Lex Mineralia
- Further Material
- Appendix 1 Recent Commercial Arbitration Cases Pertaining to International Mining Disputes
- Appendix 2 Publicly Available Investor–State Arbitration Cases Pertaining to International Mining Disputes
- Appendix 3 Investor–State Mining Case Summaries
- Table of Contents
- 1 Vacuum Salt Products Ltd. v. Ghana ICSID Case No. ARB/92/1
- 2 Antoine Goetz and others v. Burundi ICSID Case No. ARB/95/3
- 3 Société d’Investigation de Recherche et d’Exploitation Minière v. Burkina Faso ICSID Case No. ARB/97/1
- 4 Banro American Resources and others v. Congo ICSID Case No. ARB/98/7
- 5 Antoine Goetz and others v. Burundi ICSID Case No. ARB/01/2
- 6 Société d’Exploitation des Mines d’Or de Sadiola S.A. v. Mali ICSID Case No. ARB/01/5
- 7 Joy Mining Machinery v. Egypt ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/04/6
- 8 Vannessa Ventures v. Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/04/6
- 9 Government of the Province of East Kalimantan v. PT Kaltim Prima Coal and others ICSID Case No. ARB/07/3
- 10 Commerce Group Corp. and San Sebastian Gold Mines, Inc. v. Republic of El Salvador ICSID Case No. ARB/09/17
- 11 Gold Reserve Inc. v. Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/09/1
- 12 Quiborax S.A. and others v. Bolivia ICSID Case No. ARB/06/2
- 13 Carnegie Minerals (Gambia) Limited v. Republic of the Gambia ICSID Case No. ARB/09/19
- 14 Highbury International AVV and Ramstein Trading Inc. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB/11/1
- 15 PNG Sustainable Development Program Ltd. v. Independent State of Papua New Guinea ICSID Case No. ARB/13/33
- 16 Nova Scotia Power Incorporated v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/11/1
- 17 Thai-Lao Lignite Co. Ltd. and Hongsa Lignite Co. Ltd. v. Lao Democratic People’s Republic UNCITRAL
- 18 St. Mary’s VCNA, LLC v. Canada NAFTA
- 19 Revere Copper and Brass, Inc. v. Overseas Private Investment Corporation AAA
- 20 Glamis Gold, Ltd. v. United States of America UNCITRAL
- 21 William Ralph Clayton, William Richard Clayton, Douglas Clayton, Daniel Clayton and Bilcon of Delaware, Inc. v. Government of Canada UNCITRAL PCA Case No. 2009-04.
- 22 Khan Resources Inc., Khan Resources B.V., and Cauc Holding Co., Ltd. v. The Government of Mongolia UNCITRAL PCA Case No. 2011-09
- 23 Metal-Tech Ltd. v. Republic of Uzbekistan ICSID Case No. ARB/10/3
- 24 Stans Energy Corp. and Kutisay Mining, LLC v. Krygyz Republic MCCI
- 25 Oxus Gold plc v. Republic of Uzbekistan, the State Committee of Uzbekistan for Geology & Mineral Resources, and Navoi Mining & Metallurgical Kombinat UNCITRAL
- 26 Adel A Hamadi Al Tamimi v. Sultanate of Oman ICSID Case No. ARB/11/33
- 27 Nova Scotia Power Incorporated v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela UNCITRAL
- 28 Mytilineos Holdings SA v. The State Union of Serbia & Montenegro and Republic of Serbia
- 29 Sergei Paushok, CJSC Golden East Company and CJSCVostokneftegaz Company v. The Government of Mongolia UNCITRAL
- 30 Copper Mesa Mining Corporation v. Republic of Ecuador PCA No. 2012-2
- 31 Crystallex International Corporation v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/11/2
- 32 Rusoro Mining Ltd. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/12/5
- 33 Pac Rim Cayman LLC v. El Salvador ICSID Case No. ARB/09/12
- Index