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Contents
- Preliminary Material
- Main Text
- Part I Introduction
- Preliminary Material
- 1 Introduction
- Preliminary Material
- I Legal Risk and Commercial Disputes
- II The Anatomy of Risk
- III Concepts and Context
- IV Costs in International Commercial Litigation
- V Future Developments
- VI The Enquiry
- Part II Legal Risk and Multistate Litigation
- Preliminary Material
- 2 Managing Litigation Risk
- Preliminary Material
- I Litigation Risk
- II Dispute-Resolution Clauses
- III The Legal Role of Jurisdiction Agreements
- IV The Interpretation of Jurisdiction Agreements
- V Enforceable Jurisdiction Agreements
- A Agreements designating EU courts: Brussels I bis
- B Agreements designating EU courts: Brussels I
- C Agreements designating non-EU courts
- D The incorporation of jurisdiction agreements
- VI Enforceability and Asymmetric Agreements
- VII Enforceability Against Third Parties
- VIII The Risk of Pre-emptive Proceedings
- IX Discretionary Non-enforcement
- X Collateral Enforcement
- 3 Managing Transaction Risk
- Preliminary Material
- I The Anatomy of Transaction Risk
- II The European Regime
- III Negotiation Risk
- IV Formation Risk
- V Counterparty Risk
- VI Initial Performance Risk
- A Two risks
- B Types of initial risk
- C Compliance with the mandatory laws of the forum
- D Compliance with the public policy of the forum
- E Compliance with the law of the place of performance
- F Compliance with the most connected law
- G Compliance with the proprietary law
- VII Supervening Performance Risk
- VIII Performance Risk and Pre-Regulation Contracts
- IX Recharacterization Risk
- Part III Liability and Recovery in Multistate Litigation
- Preliminary Material
- 4 The Dynamics of Choice of Law
- Preliminary Material
- I Risk, Practice, and the Conflicts Process
- II The Conflicts Process
- III Mandatory Application of the Forum’s Law
- IV Voluntary Reliance on Foreign Law
- V Allocation to a Choice-of-Law Regime: Characterization
- VI The Concept of the Applicable Law: Renvoi
- 5 The Laws Governing Multistate Transactions
- Preliminary Material
- I Introduction
- II The Law Governing Contractual Issues
- A Generic and specific contracts
- B The scope of the contractual law
- C Transaction risk
- D Defining the contractual law
- E Identifying the contractual law
- F Express choice of the contractual law
- G Implied choice of the contractual law
- H Procedural choice of the contractual law
- I The contractual law in the absence of choice
- 1 The general rules
- 2 Displacing the general rules
- J The law governing related contracts
- K The law governing pre-Regulation contracts
- III The Law Governing Transfers of Title
- IV The Law Governing the Assignment of Debts
- A The risk of ineffective assignments
- B The EU regime
- C The Article 14 framework
- D Article 14 and complex transactions
- E Future developments
- 6 The Laws Governing Recovery
- Preliminary Material
- I Transaction Loss
- II Concurrent Claims
- III Full Value Recovery
- IV Contractual Recovery
- V Non-Contractual Recovery: Tort and Culpa in Contrahendo
- VI Non-Contractual Recovery: Restitution
- VII Non-Recovery: Exemption Clauses
- Part IV Commencing and Preventing Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- 7 Strategic Choices
- Preliminary Material
- I Strategy and Litigation
- II Investment, Settlement, and Litigation
- III The Legitimacy of Forum Shopping
- IV A Claimant’s Choices
- A The decision to claim
- B The choice of cause of action
- C The choice of legal mode
- D The choice of forum
- V A Defendant’s Choices
- VI The Legal Framework of Forum Selection
- 8 The Framework of Jurisdiction
- Preliminary Material
- I Two Regimes
- II The Framework of the European Regime
- III The Framework of English National Law
- IV Effecting Service
- V Pervasive Problems in Jurisdiction Disputes
- 9 Establishing and Challenging Jurisdiction
- Preliminary Material
- I Venue Risk and Corporate Strategy
- II Establishing and Challenging Jurisdiction
- III Submission to the English Court
- IV Corporate Presence in England
- V Presence of an Agent in England
- VI Breach of Contract in England
- VII Breach of a Contract Subject to English Law
- VIII Claims in Tort Relating to Damage in England
- IX Non-Contractual Claims Relating to a Contract
- X Claims Relating to Property in England
- XI Collateral Claims against Co-Defendants
- XII Collateral Claims Against Third Parties
- 10 Excluded Claims
- 11 Declining Jurisdiction:
- Preliminary Material
- I Introduction
- II One Regime, Three Instruments
- III Objectives of the European Regime
- IV Declining Jurisdiction: Brussels I bis
- A Mechanisms allocating jurisdiction
- B Underlying principles
- C The scope of Articles 29 and 30
- D Seisin defined—Article 32
- E Bundled claims and lis pendens
- F Prior congruent proceedings—Article 29
- G Prior related proceedings—Article 30
- 12 Declining Jurisdiction:
- Preliminary Material
- I Introduction
- II Declining Jurisdiction: Brussels I bis
- III The Hague Convention
- IV The Residual Role of National Law
- V Declining Jurisdiction: Regulation 44/2001
- VI Procedural Qualifications to Jurisdiction
- 13 Declining Jurisdiction:
- Preliminary Material
- I Adjudicatory Discretion
- II The Test of Appropriateness
- III Applying the Test
- A Viable English proceedings
- B An available foreign forum
- C The optimal forum
- D Access to justice
- 1 Denial of an effective remedy
- 2 Conceptual problems
- 3 Examples
- E The applicable law and the forum conveniens
- IV Problems of Principle
- 14 Procedural Objections to Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- I Procedural Objections
- II Dismissal for Abuse of Process
- III Case-Management Stays
- 15 Preclusive Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- I Preclusive Proceedings
- II The Control of Relitigation
- A Relitigation and estoppel
- B Relitigation and abuse of process
- III Preclusive Declarations
- 16 Restraining Foreign Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- I Elements of Relief
- II Jurisdiction to Grant Relief
- III Grounds for Relief
- IV Protecting Substantive Rights
- V Protecting Procedural Rights
- VI Discretion to Grant Relief
- A Importance of the discretionary stage
- B Injustice to the respondent
- C Compliance with comity
- 1 The role of comity
- 2 Comity and Star Reefers
- 3 Comity and discretion
- VII Anti-Suit Injunctions and EU Law
- VIII Anti-Suit Injunctions in Principle
- Part V Effective Enforcement
- Preliminary Material
- 17 Preserving Judgment Assets
- Preliminary Material
- I Risk Assessment and the Preservation of Assets
- II Orders Preserving Assets
- III The Elements of Relief
- IV International Freezing Injunctions
- V Preserving Foreign Assets
- VI The Disclosure of Foreign Assets
- VII Injunctions Collateral to Foreign Proceedings
- A Problems of analysis
- B The legal framework: judicial proceedings
- C The legal framework: arbitration
- D Collateral relief and foreign assets
- E A five-stage test
- F Service of the claim
- G Relief otherwise available
- H Section 25 jurisdiction
- I Section 25 discretion
- J Residual discretion
- VIII Preserving Assets in the European Judicial Area
- IX Third Party Freezing Orders
- 18 Enforcing Judgment Debts
- Preliminary Material
- I Enforcement Risk
- II Enforcing English Judgments
- III Enforcing Foreign Judgments: Introduction
- IV Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The Statutory Regime
- V Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The Common Law Regime
- A Procedure for enforcement
- B Conditions for enforcement
- C Defences to enforcement
- 1 Principles governing defences
- 2 Denial of a fair trial
- 3 Public policy
- 18.54
- (i) The judgment is founded upon an objectionable foreign law.
- (ii) To enforce the judgment would prejudice the national interest.
- (iii) To enforce the judgment would be contrary to comity.
- (iv) To enforce the judgment would contravene international law.
- (v) The judgment creditor stands in contempt of court.
- (vi) The sum awarded is manifestly excessive.
- (vii) The judgment enforces a contract contrary to public policy.
- VI Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The European Regimes
- Part VI The Conduct of Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- 19 Procedure, Costs, and Evidence in Multistate Disputes
- Preliminary Material
- I Procedures Regulating Multistate Disputes
- II The Recovery of Costs in Multistate Disputes
- III Obtaining Evidence Abroad
- 20 The Proof of Foreign Law
- Preliminary Material
- I The Practical Context
- II Legal Risk and Foreign Law
- III Establishing Foreign Law
- IV Foreign Law on Appeal
- V Foreign Law and the Construction of Documents
- VI Foreign Law in Interlocutory Proceedings
- VII Failure to Establish Foreign Law
- VIII Problems of Principle
- Part I Introduction
- Further Material
