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Oxford Law Citator
Contents
Expand All
Collapse All
Preliminary Material
Preface
Contents—Summary
Contents
Table of Cases
Australia
Hong Kong
Singapore
United Kingdom
United States
Table of Legislation, Conventions and Treaties
Hong Kong Legislation
Hong Kong Non-Statutory Regulation
People’s Republic of China (PRC) Legislation
Legislation of Other Jurisdictions
Australia
European Union
Honduras
Macau
United Kingdom
United States
Conventions and Treaties
List of Abbreviations
Authors and Consulting Editor
Authors
Consulting Editor
Main Text
Part I Finance in Hong Kong
1 Hong Kong’s Financial Markets: Evolution and Overview
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
B Substantive and Specialist Financial Centres
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
C A Recent Centre of Finance
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
D Unimpeded Legal Transplant
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
E Recent Regulation
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
F Constitutional Objectives
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
G International Engagement
1.46
1.47
1.48
H Other Atypical Factors
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
2 Financial Regulatory Structure
Preliminary Material
A Regulatory Evolution
2.01
(1) Early development (1840–1948)
2.02
2.03
(2) Emerging market (1949–87)
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
(3) Developed markets (1987–2008)
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
B Foundations: Government and Legal System
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
(1) Basic Law and common law: The legal framework
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
(2) Legislative process and the Executive
2.28
2.29
(3) Judiciary
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
(4) Basic Law: Monetary and financial systems
2.34
2.35
C Financial Regulatory System
2.36
2.37
(1) Financial regulatory framework
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
(2) Role of the Hong Kong government
2.43
(3) Financial supervisory agencies
HKMA
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
SFC and HKEx
2.49
2.50
2.51
Office of the Commissioner of Insurance and Hong Kong Federation of Insurers
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
MPFA
2.57
Cooperation and coordination between regulators
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
(4) Companies: Legal framework
Company law development
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
Registrar of Companies and Companies Registry
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
Companies Ordinance
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
(5) Other agencies
Insolvency and the Official Receiver’s Office
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
2.100
2.101
2.102
Financial Reporting Council
2.103
2.104
Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants
2.105
Market integrity and enforcement agencies
2.106
Taxation and the Inland Revenue Board
2.107
D Pre-global Financial Crisis Weaknesses
(1) Pre-existing weaknesses
2.108
(2) International Monetary Fund review 2003
2.109
2.110
2.111
2.112
2.113
2.114
2.115
2.116
2.117
2.118
2.119
Relationship between the HKMA and SFC
2.120
Listed company matters: The SFC and HKEx
2.121
2.122
2.123
2.124
2.125
(3) Other issues: Review of banking stability
2.126
2.127
2.128
(4) The global financial crisis
2.129
2.130
2.131
2.132
2.133
2.134
E Post-crisis Evolution and Reforms
2.135
(1) The international response to the crisis
2.136
2.137
2.138
(2) Post-crisis reforms in Hong Kong
Banking and Basel III
2.139
OTC derivatives
2.140
Accounting standards
2.141
Compensation practices
2.142
Credit rating agencies
2.143
Securitization
2.144
Hedge funds
2.145
Deposit protection and insurance compensation
2.146
SIFIs: Resolution regime
2.147
(3) Lehman Minibonds
2.148
Investor education
2.149
Investor protection: FSTB action plan
2.150
Unlisted structured investment products
2.151
Financial Dispute Resolution Centre
2.152
Lehman Minibonds: SFC and HKMA recommendations
2.153
(4) Other international best practice reforms
2.154
Competition framework
2.155
Companies law
2.156
Anti-money laundering
2.157
Independent Insurance Authority
2.158
(5) An international financial centre for China
2.159
RMB business in Hong Kong
2.160
Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect
2.161
Mutual recognition of funds
2.162
F Conclusion
2.163
2.164
2.165
2.166
2.167
Part II Regulation of Banking, Securities, and Insurance
3 Banking Regulation and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Preliminary Material
A Regulatory Framework
3.01
3.02
(1) HKMA
3.03
3.04
(2) Central banking and the Exchange Fund
3.05
Exchange Fund
3.06
3.07
3.08
Exchange Fund Advisory Committee
3.09
(3) Banking regulation and supervision
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
HKAB
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
Advisory committees
3.19
(4) Legal framework for banking business
3.20
3.21
3.22
(5) Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155)
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
(6) Banking (Amendment) Ordinance 2012
3.28
(7) Financial infrastructure development
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
B Banking and Related Business
(1) Authorized institutions and the HKMA
3.37
3.38
3.39
(2) Securities activities: The HKMA and SFC
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
(3) Financial products and services
Banking business: General regulatory framework
3.44
Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155)
3.45
3.46
HKAB and Code of Banking Practice
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
Deposit-taking
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
Cheques and other payment products and services
Cheques
3.55
3.56
Stored value cards and facilities
3.57
3.58
3.59
Near field communication mobile payments
3.60
3.61
Other payments services and products
3.62
Lending
3.63
Lending by authorized institutions
3.64
3.65
Lending by non-banks
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69
3.70
Secured lending
3.71
Other banking products and services
Electronic banking
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79
Credit cards
3.80
3.81
3.82
RMB activities of banks
3.83
3.84
3.85
Trusts and trustee services
3.86
(4) Customer disputes and advertising
Financial Dispute Resolution Centre
3.87
False advertisement
3.88
(5) Money brokers
3.89
(6) Money changers
3.90
C Licensing and Authorization
3.91
3.92
(1) Banks
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
3.100
3.101
3.102
3.103
3.104
Ownership structure
3.105
Systems of control, operating plan, and internal organization
3.106
3.107
Fit and proper test for directors and senior managers
3.108
3.109
Initial capital and financial projections
3.110
3.111
Foreign bank access
3.112
3.113
3.114
3.115
3.116
3.117
3.118
Virtual banks
3.119
3.120
3.121
3.122
(2) Securities activities of banks
3.123
(3) Other intermediaries
3.124
Asset management and MPF schemes
3.125
Clearing and settlement
3.126
Money lenders
3.127
Money brokers
3.128
Pawnbrokers
3.129
D On-going Requirements and Compliance
3.130
(1) Transfers of authorization
3.131
(2) Major acquisitions or investments by a bank
3.132
3.133
(3) Capital requirements
3.134
3.135
3.136
3.137
3.138
3.139
3.140
(4) Liquidity requirements
3.141
3.142
3.143
3.144
3.145
(5) Banking Review Tribunal
3.146
(6) Credit risk
Lending policies
3.147
Asset quality and provisioning
3.148
Large exposures
3.149
Connected lending
3.150
3.151
3.152
3.153
3.154
(7) Market and other risks
3.155
(8) Securities activities: The HKMA and SFC
3.156
3.157
3.158
3.159
(9) Governance and internal controls
3.160
Internal controls
3.161
Ethical and professional standards
3.162
(10) Methods of on-going supervision
3.163
3.164
Off-site surveillance
3.165
3.166
On-site examination and use of internal auditors
3.167
3.168
3.169
3.170
(11) Consolidated supervision
3.171
(12) Information and records requirements
3.172
3.173
3.174
(13) Anti-money laundering
3.175
3.176
3.177
3.178
E Insolvency and Resolution
3.179
3.180
3.181
3.182
(1) Revocation of authorization
3.183
3.184
(2) Deposit insurance
3.185
3.186
3.187
3.188
3.189
3.190
(3) Bank resolution
3.191
3.192
3.193
3.194
3.195
3.196
(4) Bank insolvency
3.197
3.198
3.199
3.200
F Conclusion
3.201
3.202
4 Securities Regulation: The Securities and Futures Commission and Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited
Preliminary Material
A Regulatory Framework
(1) Evolution
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
4.11
(2) Three-tier system: Government, SFC, and HKEx
4.12
Hong Kong Government
4.13
Chief Executive
4.14
Financial Secretary
4.15
4.16
SFC
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.26
HKEx
4.27
4.28
HKEx and SFC supervision
4.29
4.30
HKEx, the exchanges, and clearing houses
4.31
HKEx regulation
4.32
4.33
4.34
4.35
4.36
4.37
(3) Committees, tribunals, and panels
4.38
4.39
4.40
(4) Interaction with local regulators
4.41
HKMA
4.42
4.43
4.44
OCI
4.45
MPFA
4.46
(5) International regulatory cooperation
Overseas regulators
4.47
International Organization of Securities Commissions
4.48
4.49
(6) SFO, subsidiary legislation, and regulations
SFO
4.50
4.51
4.52
4.53
Subsidiary legislation
4.54
Codes, guidelines, and circulars
4.55
4.56
4.57
(7) HKEx Listing Rules
4.58
4.59
4.60
4.61
4.62
B Licensing and Registration
4.63
4.64
4.65
4.66
4.67
4.68
4.69
4.70
4.71
4.72
4.73
4.74
4.75
4.76
(1) Licensing of corporations
4.77
4.78
4.79
4.80
4.81
(2) Temporary licences
4.82
4.83
(3) Fitness and properness: Corporations and AFIs
4.84
4.85
4.86
Financial status or solvency
4.87
Competence and capability
4.88
Character and integrity
4.89
Suitable premises
4.90
Display of certificate
4.91
Responsible officers and representatives
Responsible officers
4.92
4.93
4.94
Representatives
4.95
Relevant individuals and executive officers
4.96
4.97
(4) Associated entities
4.98
4.99
4.100
Substantial shareholder
4.101
(5) Licensing of representatives
4.102
4.103
4.104
(6) Fit and proper guidelines for individuals
4.105
Continuous professional training
4.106
4.107
(7) Securities market infrastructure providers
4.108
4.109
Exchange companies, clearing houses, and exchange controllers
4.110
Automated Trading Services
4.111
4.112
C Regulated Activities
4.113
4.114
4.115
4.116
(1) Type 1: Dealing in securities
4.117
4.118
(2) Type 2: Dealing in futures
4.119
4.120
(3) Type 3: Leveraged foreign exchange trading
4.121
4.122
4.123
4.124
4.125
(4) Type 4: Advising on securities
4.126
4.127
(5) Type 5: Advising on futures contracts
4.128
4.129
(6) Type 6: Advising on corporate finance
4.130
4.131
(7) Type 7: Providing automated trading services
4.132
4.133
(8) Type 8: Securities margin financing
4.134
(9) Type 9: Asset management
4.135
(10) Type 10: Providing credit rating services
4.136
(11) Type 11: Dealing or advising in OTC derivatives
4.137
(12) Type 12: OTC derivative client clearing services
4.138
(13) Securities activities of banks
4.139
D On-going Requirements and Compliance
4.140
4.141
4.142
4.143
4.144
4.145
(1) Securities activities of banks
4.146
4.147
4.148
4.149
4.150
4.151
4.152
4.153
(2) Securities firms
4.154
Capital
4.155
4.156
4.157
Management
4.158
4.159
(3) Client assets and record keeping
4.160
Location of records
4.161
Audit
4.162
(4) Conduct of business
4.163
4.164
4.165
(5) Discipline
4.166
4.167
(6) Securities market infrastructure providers
4.168
4.169
4.170
4.171
4.172
Automated trading services
4.173
4.174
E Conduct of Business
4.175
(1) Code of Conduct
The nine general principles
4.176
4.177
4.178
4.179
4.180
General Principle 1—honesty and fairness
4.181
4.182
4.183
General Principle 2—diligence
4.184
4.185
4.186
General Principle 3—capabilities
4.187
4.188
General Principle 4—information about clients
4.189
4.190
4.191
Professional investors
4.192
General Principle 5—information for clients
4.193
4.194
General Principle 6—conflicts of interest
4.195
4.196
General Principle 7—compliance
4.197
4.198
4.199
General Principle 8—client assets
4.200
4.201
4.202
4.203
General Principle 9—responsibility of senior management
4.204
4.205
4.206
4.207
(2) Internal Control Guidelines
4.208
4.209
4.210
4.211
Management and supervision
4.212
Segregation of duties and functions
4.213
Personnel and training
4.214
Information management
4.215
Compliance
4.216
Audit
4.217
Operational controls
4.218
Risk management
4.219
4.220
F Compensation, Insurance, Resolution, and Insolvency
4.221
(1) Investor Compensation Fund
4.222
4.223
4.224
4.225
4.226
4.227
4.228
4.229
4.230
4.231
(2) Insurance cover
4.232
4.233
Master policies
4.234
Indemnity coverage
4.235
4.236
(3) Resolution regime
4.237
4.238
4.239
(4) Insolvency
Securities firm insolvency
4.240
Securities market infrastructure providers
4.241
4.242
G Conclusion
4.243
5 Insurance Regulation, the Office of the Commissioner of Insurance, and the Insurance Authority
Preliminary Material
A Transitional Regulatory Framework
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
(1) Pre-ICAO 2015 legislation and regulations
Insurance Companies Ordinance (Cap. 41)
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
5.09
Codes and guidance notes
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
Guidance notes
5.16
5.17
(2) Pre-ICAO 2015 supervision
OCI
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
SROs
5.22
HKFI
5.23
5.24
HKCIB
5.25
PIBA
5.26
Insurance Claims Complaints Bureau
5.27
5.28
5.29
(3) ICAO 2015 legislation and regulations
5.30
5.31
5.32
5.33
5.34
5.35
5.36
5.37
5.38
5.39
5.40
5.41
5.42
5.43
5.44
5.45
5.46
(4) ICAO 2015 supervision
5.47
5.48
5.49
B Insurance and Related Business
(1) Insurance business
5.50
Insurance business
5.51
5.52
5.53
(2) Regulated activities
5.54
Regulated person
5.55
Regulated activity
5.56
Material decision
5.57
Regulated advice
5.58
5.59
(3) Non-insurance business
5.60
5.61
C Authorization and the New Licensing Regime
5.62
5.63
5.64
(1) Authorization of insurance companies
ICO
5.65
5.66
5.67
ICAO 2015
5.68
5.69
5.70
(2) Insurance intermediaries
5.71
Insurance brokers
ICO
5.72
5.73
ICAO 2015
5.74
Insurance agents
ICO
5.75
ICAO 2015
5.76
D On-going Requirements and Compliance
5.77
5.78
(1) Reporting requirements
Insurance companies
5.79
5.80
Insurance brokers
5.81
5.82
(2) Accounting and financial requirements
5.83
Long-term business
5.84
5.85
5.86
General business
5.87
5.88
Insurance brokers
5.89
5.90
Insurance agents
5.91
5.92
(3) Conduct requirements
5.93
5.94
Insurance intermediaries
5.95
5.96
5.97
5.98
5.99
(4) Powers of intervention
5.100
5.101
5.102
5.103
5.104
(5) Discipline
5.105
Insurance companies
5.106
5.107
Insurance intermediaries
5.108
5.109
5.110
E Insolvency and Resolution
5.111
(1) Insolvency
5.112
(2) Resolution
Current resolution framework
5.113
Proposed resolution framework
5.114
5.115
5.116
5.117
5.118
5.119
F The Global Perspective
5.120
(1) Hong Kong in a global context
5.121
5.122
5.123
5.124
5.125
(2) International financial regulation
5.126
5.127
5.128
5.129
5.130
5.131
5.132
5.133
5.134
(3) Globalization of insurance
5.135
5.136
5.137
5.138
5.139
5.140
5.141
5.142
5.143
G Conclusion
5.144
5.145
5.146
5.147
5.148
Part III Regulation of Financial Products
6 Securities Offerings
Preliminary Material
A Introduction
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
6.06
6.07
6.08
B Public and Other Types of Offers
(1) Private and public companies
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
(2) Non-Hong Kong companies
6.13
6.14
(3) Public offers
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
(4) Offers that do not involve a public offer or listing
6.21
6.22
6.23
C Listing on the SEHK
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
(1) The function of regulation
6.28
6.29
6.30
(2) Rationale for listing
6.31
6.32
6.33
(3) Methods of listing shares
6.34
Offer for subscription
6.35
Offer for sale
6.36
Placing
6.37
6.38
Introduction
6.39
Rights issue
6.40
Open offer
6.41
Capitalization issue
6.42
Consideration issue
6.43
Exchange
6.44
Other methods
6.45
(4) Listing debt securities
6.46
6.47
(5) Alternative market: The GEM
6.48
D IPO Listing Process
6.49
6.50
6.51
(1) Preparatory steps
6.52
6.53
(2) Eligibility for listing
6.54
The profit test
6.55
The market capitalization/revenue/cash flow test
6.56
The market capitalization/revenue test
6.57
The SEHK’s power to waive
6.58
6.59
6.60
Other eligibility requirements
6.61
Public market and shareholding
6.62
6.63
6.64
6.65
Basis of allocation
6.66
6.67
Initial capitalization
6.68
Appointment of compliance adviser
6.69
6.70
6.71
6.72
(3) Non-Hong Kong issuers
6.73
Non-Hong Kong issuers generally
6.74
6.75
6.76
6.77
6.78
PRC issuers
6.79
6.80
6.81
6.82
6.83
(4) Application, approval, and filing
6.84
6.85
Application proof
6.86
6.87
6.88
6.89
6.90
Documentary requirements
6.91
Dual filing regime
6.92
6.93
Approval or rejection
6.94
6.95
6.96
6.97
Other considerations during the application process
6.98
Filing and registration of the prospectus for the purposes of the CWUMPO
6.99
6.100
6.101
(5) Growth Enterprise Market
6.102
6.103
E Sponsors and Underwriters
6.104
(1) Sponsors
6.105
Sources of sponsor obligations
6.106
6.107
6.108
Key obligations and duties
6.109
6.110
6.111
6.112
6.113
6.114
(2) Underwriters
6.115
6.116
6.117
(3) Liability of sponsors and underwriters
Regulatory liability
6.118
6.119
Legal liability
6.120
6.121
6.122
6.123
Reputational liability
6.124
Financial liability
6.125
F The Prospectus and Related Liabilities
6.126
6.127
6.128
(1) Listing document and prospectus
6.129
6.130
(2) Contents
6.131
6.132
6.133
6.134
6.135
6.136
6.137
6.138
6.139
Formal content requirements
6.140
6.141
Issuer
6.142
Securities
6.143
Directors and management
6.144
Shareholders
6.145
Business
6.146
Financial
6.147
Other
6.148
6.149
Profit forecasts
6.150
6.151
6.152
6.153
Other requirements
6.154
6.155
6.156
(3) Document production: Due diligence and verification
6.157
Due diligence
6.158
6.159
6.160
6.161
6.162
6.163
6.164
6.165
Verification
6.166
6.167
6.168
6.169
6.170
(4) Supplementary offering documents
6.171
(5) Prospectus liability
6.172
6.173
6.174
6.175
6.176
6.177
Responsibility
6.178
Liability arising under the CWUMPO
6.179
6.180
6.181
6.182
6.183
6.184
6.185
6.186
Liability arising under the SFO
6.187
6.188
6.189
6.190
6.191
6.192
Sources of common law liability
6.193
6.194
6.195
6.196
6.197
Other statutes that may be relevant
6.198
Regulatory liability
6.199
6.200
6.201
(6) Mechanisms of mitigating potential liability
6.202
Due diligence and verification
6.203
6.204
Blackout or quiet period
6.205
6.206
6.207
6.208
6.209
6.210
6.211
G Post-listing Considerations
6.212
6.213
(1) Continuation of disclosure
6.214
Legal obligation
6.215
6.216
Regulatory obligations
6.217
6.218
6.219
(2) Stabilization
6.220
6.221
(3) New share issues
6.222
(4) Share buy-backs
6.223
6.224
6.225
6.226
6.227
6.228
6.229
(5) Minimum public holding
6.230
6.231
(6) Trading halt and trading suspension
6.232
6.233
6.234
6.235
6.236
6.237
(7) Cancellation and withdrawal of listing
6.238
6.239
6.240
6.241
6.242
6.243
H Debt and Other Listed Securities
6.244
(1) Debt issues to professional investors
6.245
6.246
6.247
(2) Debt issues to retail investors
6.248
(3) Other securities
6.249
I Conclusion
6.250
6.251
6.252
6.253
6.254
6.255
6.256
6.257
7 Asset Management and Investment Products
Preliminary Material
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
A Regulatory Framework
(1) Market context
International and domestic
7.06
7.07
7.08
Wholesale and retail
7.09
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
(2) SFO gateways
7.14
7.15
7.16
The activity of asset management
7.17
7.18
7.19
Product authorization
7.20
7.21
7.22
7.23
7.24
Offers of investment products
7.25
7.26
7.27
7.28
(3) Misrepresentation
7.29
7.30
7.31
7.32
7.33
(4) Sales process
7.34
7.35
B Asset Management
(1) Definition of asset management
7.36
7.37
7.38
7.39
7.40
7.41
7.42
(2) Licensing
7.43
7.44
Requirements for representatives
7.45
(3) Fund Manager Code of Conduct
7.46
Applications and effects
7.47
Fund management and dealing with clients—client relations
7.48
Honesty and fairness
7.49
7.50
Gifts and benefits (paragraph 2.2)
7.51
Diligence
7.52
Information about clients: client identity
7.53
Information for clients
Client mandate/agreement
7.54
7.55
Discretionary services (paragraph 6.4)
7.56
7.57
Reports and reviews
7.58
7.59
Conflicts of interest
Client priority
7.60
7.61
7.62
7.63
Rebates, soft dollars, and connected transactions
7.64
7.65
Other potential conflicts of interest to be avoided
7.66
Compliance
7.67
Employee dealings
7.68
7.69
7.70
Treatment of complaints
7.71
Client assets (section 4)
7.72
Responsibilities of senior management
7.73
C Authorized Investment Products
(1) General considerations
Internal Product Approval Process
7.74
Revocation of authorization
7.75
Overarching principles of the Handbook
7.76
7.77
(2) Collective investment schemes
7.78
7.79
7.80
7.81
7.82
7.83
Investment requirements
7.84
7.85
Requirements for trustees/custodians
7.86
7.87
7.88
7.89
7.90
7.91
Requirements for management companies
7.92
7.93
7.94
7.95
7.96
Independence of trustee/custodian and management company
7.97
Specialized funds
7.98
Advertising
7.99
7.100
7.101
On-going requirements
7.102
(3) Cross-border offerings
7.103
Recognized jurisdiction schemes
7.104
7.105
Mutual recognition of funds
7.106
Mainland/Hong Kong mutual recognition of funds
7.107
7.108
7.109
7.110
7.111
(4) Specialized listed collective investment schemes: ETFs and REITs
7.112
Exchange traded funds (ETFs)
7.113
7.114
7.115
REITs
7.116
7.117
7.118
(5) Structured products
Definition and fit within ordinances and regulations
7.119
7.120
7.121
7.122
7.123
7.124
7.125
SIP Code
7.126
Product structure
7.127
Requirements applying to parties to a structured product
7.128
Issuers and guarantors
7.129
Product arranger
7.130
Other parties
7.131
7.132
Advertisements
7.133
D Retirement Schemes and MPF Regulation
7.134
(1) ORSO
7.135
7.136
(2) Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority
7.137
7.138
7.139
(3) MPFSO (Cap. 485)
7.140
7.141
7.142
7.143
7.144
(4) MPF intermediaries
7.145
7.146
(5) SFC Code on MPF Products
7.147
7.148
(6) Anticipated reforms
7.149
E Insurance Products
(1) ILAS Code
7.150
(2) Insurance Ordinance and Insurance Authority
7.151
F Hong Kong and Global Asset Management
7.152
7.153
(1) ASEAN CIS Passport
7.154
7.155
Assessment of Qualifying CIS
7.156
7.157
Cross-border aspects and others
7.158
Types and characteristics of eligible assets
7.159
Investing limits and breach of investment restrictions
7.160
(2) APEC Funds Passport
7.161
7.162
Host economy laws and regulations
7.163
Common regulatory arrangements
7.164
7.165
7.166
7.167
Permitted investments
7.168
G Conclusion
7.169
7.170
7.171
7.172
7.173
7.174
7.175
7.176
7.177
8 Financial Derivatives
Preliminary Material
8.01
8.02
8.03
A Sources and Uses
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
(1) Classification
8.08
8.09
Exchange traded derivatives
8.10
Over-the-counter derivatives
8.11
Forward contracts
8.12
Option-based contracts
8.13
8.14
8.15
Combined and embedded derivatives
8.16
8.17
(2) Instrument types
8.18
Exchange traded derivatives
8.19
8.20
8.21
Stock options
8.22
8.23
8.24
Stock futures
8.25
Warrants
8.26
8.27
8.28
Covered (derivative) warrants
8.29
8.30
8.31
Equity warrants
8.32
8.33
OTC derivatives
8.34
Swaps and related forward-based derivatives
8.35
8.36
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
Option-based OTC derivatives
8.41
8.42
Credit derivatives
8.43
8.44
8.45
8.46
8.47
8.48
8.49
8.50
8.51
8.52
8.53
(3) Uses
8.54
8.55
8.56
8.57
8.58
8.59
8.60
8.61
8.62
8.63
8.64
8.65
8.66
8.67
8.68
8.69
B Exchange Traded Derivatives in Hong Kong
8.70
8.71
(1) HKEx activity and principal contracts
Covered (derivative) warrants
8.72
8.73
8.74
8.75
8.76
8.77
Other option products (equity warrants, equity-linked instruments, listed options)
8.78
8.79
8.80
Stock index products
8.81
Hang Seng Index futures and options
8.82
H-share Index futures and options
8.83
Mini-Hang Seng Index futures and options
8.84
Mini H-shares Index futures (only)
8.85
Interest rate, fixed income, and commodity futures contracts
Hong Kong dollar interest rate futures
8.86
Other contracts
8.87
(2) Margin requirements
8.88
(3) Risk management controls
8.89
8.90
Issuer requirements
8.91
8.92
8.93
8.94
8.95
8.96
(4) Regulatory framework
Statutory treatment
8.97
8.98
8.99
8.100
Market manipulation
8.101
(5) Investor protection
8.102
8.103
8.104
8.105
Investor interfaces
8.106
8.107
C OTC Derivatives and Hong Kong Regulatory Oversight
8.108
8.109
8.110
(1) Swaps and structured transactions
8.111
(2) Documentation and the role of ISDA
8.112
8.113
8.114
Collateralization and credit support
8.115
8.116
8.117
Netting
8.118
8.119
8.120
8.121
8.122
Litigation
8.123
(3) Credit derivatives
8.124
8.125
8.126
8.127
8.128
D Regulatory Framework
8.129
8.130
8.131
8.132
(1) Part IIIA, SFO–OTC derivative transactions
8.133
8.134
8.135
8.136
8.137
(2) Licensing
8.138
8.139
8.140
Dealing in OTC derivative products or advising on OTC derivative products
8.141
8.142
8.143
8.144
8.145
Providing clearing services for OTC derivative transactions
8.146
8.147
8.148
Transitional arrangements
8.149
8.150
8.151
(3) Reporting requirements
Transactions subject to mandatory reporting obligations
8.152
Trade repository
8.153
8.154
8.155
8.156
Systemically important participants
8.157
8.158
8.159
8.160
8.161
8.162
(4) Clearing requirements
8.163
8.164
Mandatory clearing obligations
8.165
Designation of CCPs
8.166
8.167
OTC Clear
8.168
(5) Trading requirements
8.169
Designation of trading platforms
8.170
9 Takeovers and Mergers
Preliminary Material
9.01
9.02
9.03
A The Code on Takeovers and Mergers
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
9.08
(1) Scope
9.09
9.10
(2) Administration and enforcement
Executive
9.11
9.12
Panel
9.13
Sanctions
9.14
9.15
9.16
Takeovers Appeal Committee
9.17
(3) General principles
9.18
9.19
B Takeover Structures
9.20
9.21
9.22
(1) Offers
9.23
9.24
9.25
9.26
What level of control is it seeking to obtain?
9.27
What are the prospects of success via each of these two routes?
9.28
Is it a friendly or hostile takeover situation?
9.29
Flexibility
9.30
Cost
9.31
Acquisition followed by mandatory offer
9.32
Privatizing and withdrawal of listing
9.33
Minority shareholders
9.34
9.35
9.36
9.37
Withdrawal of listing
9.38
9.39
(2) Reverse takeovers
9.40
Takeovers Code
9.41
Listing Rules
9.42
9.43
9.44
9.45
9.46
9.47
C Offers
9.48
(1) When does an offer first arise?
9.49
9.50
(2) Requirements in making an offer
9.51
9.52
9.53
The approach
9.54
9.55
9.56
9.57
Confidentiality
9.58
(3) Types and terms of offers
9.59
Possible versus firm offer
9.60
9.61
9.62
Full versus partial offers
9.63
9.64
9.65
9.66
Conditional versus unconditional offer
9.67
9.68
9.69
9.70
9.71
9.72
9.73
Voluntary versus mandatory offer
9.74
9.75
9.76
9.77
9.78
9.79
9.80
Cash offer
9.81
9.82
9.83
Comparable offers
9.84
(4) Offer price
9.85
Type of consideration
9.86
Value of consideration
9.87
9.88
9.89
9.90
9.91
9.92
(5) Chain principle
9.93
(6) Convertible securities, warrants, and options
9.94
9.95
9.96
(7) Revising or withdrawing offers
Revising an offer
9.97
9.98
9.99
No withdrawal
9.100
9.101
9.102
(8) Offer timetables
9.103
D Announcements
9.104
9.105
9.106
9.107
(1) Announcements prior to the offer announcement
9.108
Offeror responsibilities
9.109
9.110
9.111
Offeree company responsibilities
9.112
Talks announcements
9.113
Undue movement
9.114
Suspension
9.115
Potential vendor
9.116
Possible offer
9.117
9.118
9.119
(2) The offer announcement
9.120
9.121
9.122
9.123
(3) Announcements during the course of an offer
9.124
Standard and responsibility
9.125
9.126
9.127
(4) No intention announcements
9.128
E Considerations Applying to Other Parties
9.129
(1) Acting in concert
9.130
9.131
9.132
9.133
9.134
9.135
Fund managers
9.136
9.137
9.138
9.139
Exempt fund managers
9.140
Exempt principal traders
9.141
(2) Associates and associated companies
9.142
9.143
9.144
(3) Directors and advisers
9.145
Board of the offeree company and the independent financial adviser
9.146
Announcements
9.147
Independent advice
9.148
9.149
9.150
9.151
No frustrating action
9.152
9.153
9.154
9.155
Financial adviser to the offeror
9.156
9.157
Service providers
9.158
9.159
(4) Special deals
9.160
(5) Irrevocable commitments
9.161
9.162
9.163
F Dealing during an Offer Period
9.164
(1) SFO
Insider dealing
9.165
9.166
9.167
9.168
Disclosures regime
9.169
(2) Takeovers Code and fund managers
Takeovers Code
9.170
Before an offer
9.171
9.172
9.173
During an offer
9.174
9.175
9.176
After an offer
9.177
9.178
Fund managers
9.179
(3) Listing Rules
9.180
G Conclusion
9.181
9.182
9.183
9.184
9.185
9.186
9.187
9.188
Part IV Financial Market Conduct and Misconduct
10 Corporate Governance
Preliminary Material
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
10.05
10.06
10.07
10.08
10.09
10.10
10.11
A Development of Corporate Governance in Hong Kong
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
B The Topic of Corporate Governance
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
10.27
10.28
10.29
(1) Responses to a problem
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
(2) Market integrity
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.40
C The Corporate Governance Framework in Hong Kong
10.41
10.42
10.43
10.44
(1) Common law and equity
10.45
(2) Statutory framework
10.46
10.47
10.48
10.49
10.50
(3) Constitutional document of the company
10.51
10.52
(4) Regulatory rules
10.53
10.54
Listing Rules
10.55
10.56
10.57
10.58
10.59
10.60
10.61
(5) Other sources
10.62
10.63
(6) Non-Hong Kong companies
10.64
D Directors and the Board
10.65
(1) Ambit of ‘director’
10.66
Executive versus non-executive director
10.67
De facto director
10.68
Alternate director
10.69
Shadow director
10.70
10.71
10.72
Senior management and officers
10.73
10.74
10.75
10.76
(2) Common law and equity
Fiduciary duty
10.77
10.78
10.79
10.80
Act in good faith in the best interests of the company as a whole
10.81
10.82
10.83
Exercise powers for proper purposes
10.84
10.85
Avoid conflicts
10.86
10.87
10.88
Not to profit from his position at the expense of the company
10.89
10.90
10.91
Liabilities and remedies: Breach of fiduciary duty
10.92
Injunction
10.93
Ratification
10.94
Accounting for secret profits
10.95
Compensation
10.96
Setting aside
10.97
Constructive trust
10.98
Duty of skill, care, and diligence
10.99
10.100
Degree of skill
10.101
10.102
10.103
10.104
Attention to the business
10.105
Reliance on others
10.106
10.107
10.108
Non-executive directors
10.109
10.110
10.111
Liabilities and remedies: Breach of duty of skill, care, and diligence
10.112
10.113
Business judgement
10.114
(3) Statutory framework
10.115
Provisions concerned with the personal interests of directors
10.116
Directors’ shareholdings
10.117
Insider dealing
10.118
Provisions concerned with dealings between the company and directors
10.119
Material interests in contracts
10.120
10.121
Loans and financial accommodation
10.122
10.123
Provisions concerned with company operations
10.124
(4) Regulatory rules
10.125
Listing Rules
10.126
10.127
10.128
10.129
10.130
Appointment of advisers
10.131
Sponsors
10.132
10.133
Compliance advisers
10.134
10.135
Independent advice
10.136
Securities transactions by directors
10.137
10.138
10.139
10.140
10.141
10.142
10.143
10.144
10.145
10.146
CG Code
10.147
10.148
10.149
Directors
10.150
Chairman and CEO
10.151
Board composition
10.152
Appointments, re-election, and removal
10.153
Responsibilities of directors
10.154
Supply of and access to information
10.155
Remuneration of directors and senior management
10.156
Accountability and audit
Financial reporting
10.157
Internal controls
10.158
Audit committee
10.159
Delegation by the board
10.160
Communication with shareholders
10.161
Company secretary
10.162
CG Code: Reporting requirements
10.163
E Shareholder Rights
10.164
(1) Common law and equity
10.165
10.166
(2) Statutory framework
Issue of shares
10.167
Disqualification of directors
10.168
10.169
10.170
10.171
10.172
10.173
10.174
Inspection and misfeasance
10.175
10.176
10.177
10.178
10.179
10.180
(3) Constitutional document of the company
10.181
10.182
10.183
(4) Regulatory rules
Listing Rules
10.184
Approval of shareholders
10.185
Warrants
10.186
Other
10.187
Disclosure of allotment
10.188
Price
10.189
10.190
Takeovers Code
10.191
F Disclosure and Transparency
10.192
(1) Statutory framework
10.193
Accounting matters
10.194
10.195
Delegation of management
10.196
Service contracts
10.197
Prospectuses
10.198
10.199
10.200
Inside information
10.201
(2) Regulatory rules
10.202
SMLR
10.203
10.204
Listing Rules
10.205
Disclosure of financial information
10.206
10.207
10.208
Transactions of the company
10.209
CG Code: Reporting requirements
10.210
10.211
G Notifiable and Connected Transactions
10.212
10.213
10.214
10.215
(1) Notifiable transactions
10.216
10.217
10.218
10.219
10.220
10.221
10.222
10.223
(2) Connected transactions
10.224
10.225
10.226
10.227
10.228
10.229
10.230
10.231
(3) Determining percentage ratios
10.232
10.233
10.234
Assets ratio
10.235
10.236
Profits ratio
10.237
Revenue ratio
10.238
Consideration ratio
10.239
Equity capital ratio
10.240
(4) Transactions concerning subsidiaries
10.241
10.242
10.243
(5) Requirements for notifiable transactions
10.244
Announcements
10.245
Circulars
10.246
10.247
Shareholder approval
10.248
(6) Requirements for connected transactions
10.249
Independent shareholder approval
10.250
10.251
10.252
10.253
Exemptions
10.254
(7) Discretionary powers
10.255
H Conclusion
10.256
10.257
10.258
10.259
10.260
10.261
10.262
11 Market Integrity
Preliminary Material
A Market Integrity and Abuse
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
B Disclosure Obligations of Listed Companies
11.07
11.08
11.09
11.10
(1) Statutory disclosure obligations
11.11
11.12
11.13
(2) Meaning of inside information
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
(3) Safe harbours
11.22
11.23
11.24
(4) The disclosure
11.25
11.26
(5) Consequences of a breach
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.30
11.31
(6) Relationship with market misconduct provisions
11.32
11.33
C Disclosure Obligations of Shareholders
11.34
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.40
11.41
11.42
D Market Misconduct Regulation
11.43
11.44
11.45
(1) Legal framework
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
(2) The mental element
11.51
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
(3) The dual system of market misconduct
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
(4) Consequences
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
(5) The MMT
11.68
11.69
11.70
11.71
11.72
11.73
(6) Safe harbour rules
11.74
E Insider Dealing
(1) The theoretical framework
11.75
11.76
11.77
(2) Criminalization of insider dealing
11.78
11.79
11.80
11.81
11.82
11.83
11.84
(3) Definition of connected person
11.85
11.86
11.87
11.88
11.89
(4) Defences
11.90
11.91
11.92
11.93
11.94
11.95
11.96
11.97
11.98
11.99
F Market Manipulation
11.100
11.101
11.102
11.103
11.104
11.105
11.106
11.107
11.108
(1) False trading
11.109
11.110
11.111
11.112
11.113
11.114
11.115
11.116
11.117
11.118
(2) Price rigging
11.119
11.120
11.121
(3) Stock market manipulation
11.122
11.123
11.124
11.125
11.126
11.127
G Information-based Forms of Market Misconduct
11.128
(1) Disclosure of false or misleading information inducing transactions
11.129
11.130
11.131
11.132
11.133
(2) Disclosure of information about prohibited transactions
11.134
11.135
11.136
11.137
11.138
11.139
H Fraud and Deception
11.140
11.141
I Money Laundering
11.142
11.143
11.144
11.145
(1) Legislation
11.146
AMLO
11.147
11.148
11.149
11.150
Other ordinances
11.151
(2) Regulatory guidance
11.152
11.153
11.154
11.155
11.156
11.157
11.158
11.159
11.160
11.161
(3) Record-keeping and reporting
11.162
11.163
11.164
11.165
J Conclusion
11.166
11.167
Part V The International Dimension
12 The China Nexus
Preliminary Material
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
A The Modern Evolution of China’s Financial Sector
12.05
12.06
12.07
12.08
12.09
12.10
12.11
12.12
12.13
12.14
B Financial Markets and their Regulation in Mainland China
12.15
(1) Overview of China’s legal structure
12.16
Laws
12.17
Administrative regulations
12.18
Local regulations
12.19
Autonomous regulations and separate regulations
12.20
Rules of departments
12.21
Rules of local governments
12.22
12.23
(2) Financial law and regulation in mainland China
12.24
12.25
12.26
12.27
12.28
12.29
C Banking
12.30
(1) Development of mainland banking institutions
12.31
12.32
12.33
12.34
12.35
12.36
12.37
12.38
12.39
12.40
12.41
12.42
12.43
12.44
12.45
(2) Development of banking laws and regulations
12.46
12.47
12.48
12.49
12.50
12.51
12.52
12.53
12.54
12.55
12.56
12.57
12.58
12.59
12.60
12.61
12.62
D Securities
12.63
(1) Development of mainland securities markets
12.64
12.65
12.66
12.67
12.68
12.69
12.70
12.71
12.72
12.73
12.74
12.75
12.76
12.77
12.78
12.79
12.80
12.81
12.82
(2) Structure of the mainland securities legal system
12.83
Share classification system in the Chinese securities market
12.84
12.85
12.86
12.87
12.88
12.89
Overview
12.90
12.91
12.92
National laws
12.93
Company Law
12.94
12.95
12.96
Securities Law
12.97
12.98
12.99
12.100
Securities Investment Fund Law
12.101
12.102
12.103
Administrative regulations
12.104
Provisional regulations for the administration of the Issuance and Trading of Stock (ITS)
12.105
12.106
Special regulations concerning offering and listing of shares overseas by companies limited by shares (Overseas Offering and Listing Regulations)
12.107
Regulations concerning the domestic listed foreign shares of joint stock limited companies (Domestic Listed Foreign Shares Regulations)
12.108
Provisional Regulations Concerning the Trading of Futures
12.109
Departmental rules
12.110
12.111
(3) Mergers, acquisitions, and takeovers
12.112
12.113
(4) Stock Connect
Shanghai–Hong Kong Stock Connect
12.114
12.115
12.116
12.117
12.118
Eligible securities
12.119
12.120
Trade quota
12.121
Trading, clearing, and settlement
12.122
12.123
12.124
12.125
Updates to Stock Connect
12.126
Mutual fund recognition
12.127
E Insurance
12.128
12.129
12.130
12.131
F Opportunities in China Financial Services Business
12.132
(1) H-shares and red chips
12.133
12.134
(2) WTO/GATS
12.135
(3) CEPA
12.136
12.137
12.138
12.139
12.140
G Conclusion
12.141
12.142
12.143
12.144
12.145
12.146
12.147
12.148
12.149
12.150
12.151
12.152
12.153
13 Hong Kong’s Future as a Leading International Financial Centre
Preliminary Material
13.01
13.02
13.03
13.04
13.05
13.06
13.07
13.08
13.09
A Financial Stability and International Competitiveness
13.10
13.11
13.12
13.13
13.14
13.15
13.16
13.17
13.18
13.19
13.20
13.21
13.22
13.23
13.24
13.25
B Financial Regulatory Structure and Reform
13.26
13.27
13.28
13.29
13.30
13.31
13.32
13.33
C Corporate Governance
13.34
13.35
13.36
13.37
13.38
13.39
13.40
13.41
13.42
13.43
13.44
13.45
13.46
13.47
13.48
13.49
13.50
13.51
13.52
13.53
13.54
D Financial Innovation
13.55
13.56
13.57
13.58
13.59
E Financial Fraud and Misconduct
13.60
13.61
13.62
13.63
13.64
13.65
13.66
13.67
13.68
13.69
13.70
13.71
13.72
F Conclusion
13.73
13.74
13.75
13.76
13.77
13.78
13.79
13.80
13.81
13.82
13.83
13.84
13.85
13.86
13.87
13.88
13.89
Further Material
Index
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Table of Cases
From:
Financial Markets in Hong Kong (2nd Edition)
Douglas W Arner, Berry Hsu, Say H Goo, Syren Johnstone, Paul Lejot, Maurice Kwok-Sang Tse (Consulting Editor)
Content type:
Book content
Product:
Financial Law [FBL]
Published in print:
24 March 2016
ISBN:
9780198706472
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